home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ Year Books 1991 / Year Books 1991.iso / dp / 07 / 076.pkg < prev    next >
Unknown  |  1992-06-06  |  540.9 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

view JSON data     |     view as text

This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
66% dexvert OS/2 Installation Package (archive/os2InstallPackage) ext Supported
1% dexvert BeOS Installation Package (archive/beOSInstallPackage) ext Unsupported
1% dexvert Newton Package (archive/newtonPackage) ext Unsupported
1% dexvert Independence War 2 mod Package (other/independenceWar2ModPackage) ext Unsupported
100% file data default



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 1a 44 50 31 2e 31 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 05 64 00 |.DP1.1..|......d.|
|00000010| 00 00 16 00 00 00 30 30 | 00 00 00 01 9c 05 00 00 |......00|........|
|00000020| d9 17 00 00 30 31 00 00 | 00 01 75 1d 00 00 57 0d |....01..|..u...W.|
|00000030| 00 00 30 32 00 00 00 01 | cc 2a 00 00 99 1c 00 00 |..02....|.*......|
|00000040| 30 33 00 00 00 01 65 47 | 00 00 43 11 00 00 30 34 |03....eG|..C...04|
|00000050| 00 00 00 01 a8 58 00 00 | 69 0d 00 00 30 35 00 00 |.....X..|i...05..|
|00000060| 00 01 11 66 00 00 61 0a | 00 00 30 36 00 00 00 01 |...f..a.|..06....|
|00000070| 72 70 00 00 a2 16 00 00 | 30 37 00 00 00 01 14 87 |rp......|07......|
|00000080| 00 00 bf 09 00 00 30 38 | 00 00 00 01 d3 90 00 00 |......08|........|
|00000090| 7c 14 00 00 30 39 00 00 | 00 01 4f a5 00 00 04 0e ||...09..|..O.....|
|000000a0| 00 00 31 30 00 00 00 01 | 53 b3 00 00 82 0d 00 00 |..10....|S.......|
|000000b0| 31 31 00 00 00 01 d5 c0 | 00 00 38 14 00 00 31 32 |11......|..8...12|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 01 0d d5 00 00 | 05 0d 00 00 31 33 00 00 |........|....13..|
|000000d0| 00 01 12 e2 00 00 d8 0e | 00 00 31 34 00 00 00 01 |........|..14....|
|000000e0| ea f0 00 00 2a 0e 00 00 | 31 35 00 00 00 01 14 ff |....*...|15......|
|000000f0| 00 00 1f 15 00 00 31 36 | 00 00 00 01 33 14 01 00 |......16|....3...|
|00000100| 69 0d 00 00 31 37 00 00 | 00 01 9c 21 01 00 61 0c |i...17..|...!..a.|
|00000110| 00 00 31 38 00 00 00 01 | fd 2d 01 00 45 1a 00 00 |..18....|.-..E...|
|00000120| 31 39 00 00 00 01 42 48 | 01 00 cd 0f 00 00 32 30 |19....BH|......20|
|00000130| 00 00 00 01 0f 58 01 00 | db 10 00 00 32 31 00 00 |.....X..|....21..|
|00000140| 00 01 ea 68 01 00 be 0a | 00 00 32 32 00 00 00 01 |...h....|..22....|
|00000150| a8 73 01 00 94 0d 00 00 | 32 33 00 00 00 01 3c 81 |.s......|23....<.|
|00000160| 01 00 bc 0c 00 00 32 34 | 00 00 00 01 f8 8d 01 00 |......24|........|
|00000170| 6e 17 00 00 32 35 00 00 | 00 01 66 a5 01 00 d8 15 |n...25..|..f.....|
|00000180| 00 00 32 36 00 00 00 01 | 3e bb 01 00 86 19 00 00 |..26....|>.......|
|00000190| 32 37 00 00 00 01 c4 d4 | 01 00 03 1e 00 00 32 38 |27......|......28|
|000001a0| 00 00 00 01 c7 f2 01 00 | e7 15 00 00 32 39 00 00 |........|....29..|
|000001b0| 00 01 ae 08 02 00 c2 0e | 00 00 33 30 00 00 00 01 |........|..30....|
|000001c0| 70 17 02 00 95 0c 00 00 | 33 31 00 00 00 01 05 24 |p.......|31.....$|
|000001d0| 02 00 64 11 00 00 33 32 | 00 00 00 01 69 35 02 00 |..d...32|....i5..|
|000001e0| 3d 0a 00 00 33 33 00 00 | 00 01 a6 3f 02 00 f0 17 |=...33..|...?....|
|000001f0| 00 00 33 34 00 00 00 01 | 96 57 02 00 53 15 00 00 |..34....|.W..S...|
|00000200| 33 35 00 00 00 01 e9 6c | 02 00 c2 0c 00 00 33 36 |35.....l|......36|
|00000210| 00 00 00 01 ab 79 02 00 | c1 0c 00 00 33 37 00 00 |.....y..|....37..|
|00000220| 00 01 6c 86 02 00 f8 0f | 00 00 33 38 00 00 00 01 |..l.....|..38....|
|00000230| 64 96 02 00 21 12 00 00 | 33 39 00 00 00 01 85 a8 |d...!...|39......|
|00000240| 02 00 04 0b 00 00 34 30 | 00 00 00 01 89 b3 02 00 |......40|........|
|00000250| 6c 0f 00 00 34 31 00 00 | 00 01 f5 c2 02 00 bc 12 |l...41..|........|
|00000260| 00 00 34 32 00 00 00 01 | b1 d5 02 00 72 13 00 00 |..42....|....r...|
|00000270| 34 33 00 00 00 01 23 e9 | 02 00 1a 09 00 00 34 34 |43....#.|......44|
|00000280| 00 00 00 01 3d f2 02 00 | 51 13 00 00 34 35 00 00 |....=...|Q...45..|
|00000290| 00 01 8e 05 03 00 d0 0a | 00 00 34 36 00 00 00 01 |........|..46....|
|000002a0| 5e 10 03 00 1a 19 00 00 | 34 37 00 00 00 01 78 29 |^.......|47....x)|
|000002b0| 03 00 7d 14 00 00 34 38 | 00 00 00 01 f5 3d 03 00 |..}...48|.....=..|
|000002c0| 6e 16 00 00 34 39 00 00 | 00 01 63 54 03 00 f3 2a |n...49..|..cT...*|
|000002d0| 00 00 35 30 00 00 00 01 | 56 7f 03 00 f4 27 00 00 |..50....|V....'..|
|000002e0| 35 31 00 00 00 01 4a a7 | 03 00 32 0f 00 00 35 32 |51....J.|..2...52|
|000002f0| 00 00 00 01 7c b6 03 00 | a8 14 00 00 35 33 00 00 |....|...|....53..|
|00000300| 00 01 24 cb 03 00 42 0f | 00 00 35 34 00 00 00 01 |..$...B.|..54....|
|00000310| 66 da 03 00 3c 18 00 00 | 35 35 00 00 00 01 a2 f2 |f...<...|55......|
|00000320| 03 00 9a 1c 00 00 35 36 | 00 00 00 01 3c 0f 04 00 |......56|....<...|
|00000330| 9c 1f 00 00 35 37 00 00 | 00 01 d8 2e 04 00 97 11 |....57..|........|
|00000340| 00 00 35 38 00 00 00 01 | 6f 40 04 00 e1 0b 00 00 |..58....|o@......|
|00000350| 35 39 00 00 00 01 50 4c | 04 00 37 0b 00 00 36 30 |59....PL|..7...60|
|00000360| 00 00 00 01 87 57 04 00 | c2 12 00 00 36 31 00 00 |.....W..|....61..|
|00000370| 00 01 49 6a 04 00 a5 0e | 00 00 36 32 00 00 00 01 |..Ij....|..62....|
|00000380| ee 78 04 00 c9 2f 00 00 | 36 33 00 00 00 01 b7 a8 |.x.../..|63......|
|00000390| 04 00 a0 11 00 00 36 34 | 00 00 00 01 57 ba 04 00 |......64|....W...|
|000003a0| c8 15 00 00 36 35 00 00 | 00 01 1f d0 04 00 4b 14 |....65..|......K.|
|000003b0| 00 00 36 36 00 00 00 01 | 6a e4 04 00 ba 0d 00 00 |..66....|j.......|
|000003c0| 36 37 00 00 00 01 24 f2 | 04 00 70 1c 00 00 36 38 |67....$.|..p...68|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 01 94 0e 05 00 | 66 27 00 00 36 39 00 00 |........|f'..69..|
|000003e0| 00 01 fa 35 05 00 65 14 | 00 00 37 30 00 00 00 01 |...5..e.|..70....|
|000003f0| 5f 4a 05 00 e0 2b 00 00 | 37 31 00 00 00 01 3f 76 |_J...+..|71....?v|
|00000400| 05 00 09 28 00 00 37 32 | 00 00 00 01 48 9e 05 00 |...(..72|....H...|
|00000410| 6b 19 00 00 37 33 00 00 | 00 01 b3 b7 05 00 91 0c |k...73..|........|
|00000420| 00 00 37 34 00 00 00 01 | 44 c4 05 00 7e 1a 00 00 |..74....|D...~...|
|00000430| 37 35 00 00 00 01 c2 de | 05 00 0e 0d 00 00 37 36 |75......|......76|
|00000440| 00 00 00 01 d0 eb 05 00 | 23 21 00 00 37 37 00 00 |........|#!..77..|
|00000450| 00 01 f3 0c 06 00 7d 0d | 00 00 37 38 00 00 00 01 |......}.|..78....|
|00000460| 70 1a 06 00 dd 11 00 00 | 37 39 00 00 00 01 4d 2c |p.......|79....M,|
|00000470| 06 00 52 13 00 00 38 30 | 00 00 00 01 9f 3f 06 00 |..R...80|.....?..|
|00000480| ee 17 00 00 38 31 00 00 | 00 01 8d 57 06 00 74 25 |....81..|...W..t%|
|00000490| 00 00 38 32 00 00 00 01 | 01 7d 06 00 a5 28 00 00 |..82....|.}...(..|
|000004a0| 38 33 00 00 00 01 a6 a5 | 06 00 36 0c 00 00 38 34 |83......|..6...84|
|000004b0| 00 00 00 01 dc b1 06 00 | 22 1c 00 00 38 35 00 00 |........|"...85..|
|000004c0| 00 01 fe cd 06 00 00 22 | 00 00 38 36 00 00 00 01 |......."|..86....|
|000004d0| fe ef 06 00 e0 0c 00 00 | 38 37 00 00 00 01 de fc |........|87......|
|000004e0| 06 00 d7 2d 00 00 38 38 | 00 00 00 01 b5 2a 07 00 |...-..88|.....*..|
|000004f0| 7f 17 00 00 38 39 00 00 | 00 01 34 42 07 00 31 1d |....89..|..4B..1.|
|00000500| 00 00 39 30 00 00 00 01 | 65 5f 07 00 74 19 00 00 |..90....|e_..t...|
|00000510| 39 31 00 00 00 01 d9 78 | 07 00 1c 13 00 00 39 32 |91.....x|......92|
|00000520| 00 00 00 01 f5 8b 07 00 | 6c 25 00 00 39 33 00 00 |........|l%..93..|
|00000530| 00 01 61 b1 07 00 06 1a | 00 00 39 34 00 00 00 01 |..a.....|..94....|
|00000540| 67 cb 07 00 37 1d 00 00 | 39 35 00 00 00 01 9e e8 |g...7...|95......|
|00000550| 07 00 3d 16 00 00 39 36 | 00 00 00 01 db fe 07 00 |..=...96|........|
|00000560| 0b 14 00 00 39 37 00 00 | 00 01 e6 12 08 00 15 1d |....97..|........|
|00000570| 00 00 39 38 00 00 00 01 | fb 2f 08 00 6e 32 00 00 |..98....|./..n2..|
|00000580| 39 39 00 00 00 01 69 62 | 08 00 5a 11 00 00 00 00 |99....ib|..Z.....|
|00000590| 00 00 00 00 c3 73 08 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 55 6e 69 |.....s..|....$Uni|
|000005a0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 30 37 36 30 30 7d |que_ID{Y|RB07600}|
|000005b0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 54 65 6d 70 6f 72 61 |..$Title|{Tempora|
|000005c0| 6c 20 4c 6f 62 65 20 45 | 70 69 6c 65 70 73 79 20 |l Lobe E|pilepsy |
|000005d0| 69 6e 20 43 68 69 6c 64 | 68 6f 6f 64 3a 20 20 52 |in Child|hood: R|
|000005e0| 65 61 70 70 72 61 69 73 | 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 45 74 |eapprais|al of Et|
|000005f0| 69 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 4f 75 74 63 6f |iology a|nd Outco|
|00000600| 6d 65 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 48 |me}..$Au|thor{..H|
|00000610| 61 72 62 6f 72 64 2c 20 | 4d 47 0d 0a 4d 61 6e 73 |arbord, |MG..Mans|
|00000620| 6f 6e 2c 20 4a 49 7d 0d | 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 |on, JI}.|.$Affili|
|00000630| 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 41 64 | 65 6c 61 69 64 65 20 43 |ation{Ad|elaide C|
|00000640| 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 27 | 73 20 48 6f 73 70 2c 20 |hildren'|s Hosp, |
|00000650| 4e 2e 20 41 64 65 6c 61 | 69 64 65 2c 20 41 75 73 |N. Adela|ide, Aus|
|00000660| 74 72 61 6c 69 61 7d 0d | 0a 24 53 75 62 6a 65 63 |tralia}.|.$Subjec|
|00000670| 74 7b 54 65 6d 70 6f 72 | 61 6c 20 6c 6f 62 65 20 |t{Tempor|al lobe |
|00000680| 65 70 69 6c 65 70 73 79 | 2c 20 65 74 69 6f 6c 6f |epilepsy|, etiolo|
|00000690| 67 79 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 75 74 63 6f 6d 65 3b 0d |gy and o|utcome;.|
|000006a0| 0a 45 70 69 6c 65 70 73 | 79 20 74 65 6d 70 6f 72 |.Epileps|y tempor|
|000006b0| 61 6c 20 6c 6f 62 65 2c | 20 65 74 69 6f 6c 6f 67 |al lobe,| etiolog|
|000006c0| 79 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 | 74 63 6f 6d 65 7d 0d 0a |y and ou|tcome}..|
|000006d0| 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c | 7b 50 65 64 69 61 74 72 |$Journal|{Pediatr|
|000006e0| 20 4e 65 75 72 6f 6c 7d | 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d | Neurol}|..$Volum|
|000006f0| 65 7b 33 7d 0d 0a 24 50 | 61 67 65 7b 32 36 33 2d |e{3}..$P|age{263-|
|00000700| 32 36 38 7d 0d 0a 24 44 | 61 74 65 7b 53 65 70 74 |268}..$D|ate{Sept|
|00000710| 65 6d 62 65 72 2d 4f 63 | 74 6f 62 65 72 20 31 39 |ember-Oc|tober 19|
|00000720| 38 37 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 |87}..$YB|Vol{1989|
|00000730| 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f | 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 65 | Year Bo|ok of Pe|
|00000740| 64 69 61 74 72 69 63 73 | 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 70 |diatrics|}..$Chap|
|00000750| 74 65 72 7b 36 2d 36 7d | 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 69 |ter{6-6}|..$YBEdi|
|00000760| 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 2e | 20 4f 73 6b 69 20 61 6e |tor{Drs.| Oski an|
|00000770| 64 20 53 74 6f 63 6b 6d | 61 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 |d Stockm|an}..$Ta|
|00000780| 62 6c 65 7b 54 61 62 6c | 65 20 4f 6d 69 74 74 65 |ble{Tabl|e Omitte|
|00000790| 64 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d | 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 |d}..$Com|mentator|
|000007a0| 7b 45 2e 20 56 69 6e 69 | 6e 67 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e |{E. Vini|ng, M.D.|
|000007b0| 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 | 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 |}....Cop|yright (|
|000007c0| 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 | 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 |c) Year |Book Med|
|000007d0| 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 | 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c |ical Pub|lishers,|
|000007e0| 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 | 39 38 39 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 | Inc., 1|989....1|
|000007f0| 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 72 | 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 |989 Year| Book of|
|00000800| 20 50 65 64 69 61 74 72 | 69 63 73 20 28 52 29 0d | Pediatr|ics (R).|
|00000810| 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 | 65 72 20 36 2d 2d 4e 65 |...Chapt|er 6--Ne|
|00000820| 75 72 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 50 73 79 63 |urology |and Psyc|
|00000830| 68 69 61 74 72 79 0d 0a | 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |hiatry..|..------|
|00000840| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000850| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000860| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000870| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000880| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0d 0a 54 65 6d 70 |--------|--..Temp|
|00000890| 6f 72 61 6c 20 4c 6f 62 | 65 20 45 70 69 6c 65 70 |oral Lob|e Epilep|
|000008a0| 73 79 20 69 6e 20 43 68 | 69 6c 64 68 6f 6f 64 3a |sy in Ch|ildhood:|
|000008b0| 20 20 52 65 61 70 70 72 | 61 69 73 61 6c 20 6f 66 | Reappr|aisal of|
|000008c0| 20 45 74 69 6f 6c 6f 67 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 4f 75 | Etiolog|y and Ou|
|000008d0| 74 63 6f 6d 65 0d 0a 0d | 0a 48 61 72 62 6f 72 64 |tcome...|.Harbord|
|000008e0| 20 4d 47 2c 20 4d 61 6e | 73 6f 6e 20 4a 49 0d 0a | MG, Man|son JI..|
|000008f0| 28 41 64 65 6c 61 69 64 | 65 20 43 68 69 6c 64 72 |(Adelaid|e Childr|
|00000900| 65 6e 27 73 20 48 6f 73 | 70 2c 20 4e 2e 20 41 64 |en's Hos|p, N. Ad|
|00000910| 65 6c 61 69 64 65 2c 20 | 41 75 73 74 72 61 6c 69 |elaide, |Australi|
|00000920| 61 29 0d 0a 50 65 64 69 | 61 74 72 20 4e 65 75 72 |a)..Pedi|atr Neur|
|00000930| 6f 6c 20 33 3a 32 36 33 | 2d 32 36 38 2c 20 53 65 |ol 3:263|-268, Se|
|00000940| 70 74 65 6d 62 65 72 2d | 4f 63 74 6f 62 65 72 20 |ptember-|October |
|00000950| 31 39 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |19..----|--------|
|00000960| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000970| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000980| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000990| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 |----....|Abstract|
|000009b0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 54 65 6d 70 6f 72 61 |.... | Tempora|
|000009c0| 6c 20 6c 6f 62 65 20 65 | 70 69 6c 65 70 73 79 20 |l lobe e|pilepsy |
|000009d0| 28 54 4c 45 29 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f |(TLE) is| a commo|
|000009e0| 6e 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f | 66 20 63 68 69 6c 64 68 |n type o|f childh|
|000009f0| 6f 6f 64 20 65 70 69 6c | 65 70 73 79 2e 20 20 54 |ood epil|epsy. T|
|00000a00| 68 65 0d 0a 65 74 69 6f | 6c 6f 67 79 20 61 6e 64 |he..etio|logy and|
|00000a10| 20 6f 75 74 63 6f 6d 65 | 20 69 6e 20 36 33 20 72 | outcome| in 63 r|
|00000a20| 65 74 72 6f 73 70 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 61 |etrospec|tively a|
|00000a30| 6e 61 6c 79 7a 65 64 20 | 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e |nalyzed |children|
|00000a40| 2c 20 61 67 65 64 20 32 | 2d 31 35 20 79 65 61 72 |, aged 2|-15 year|
|00000a50| 73 2c 0d 0a 77 69 74 68 | 20 54 4c 45 20 77 65 72 |s,..with| TLE wer|
|00000a60| 65 20 65 78 61 6d 69 6e | 65 64 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 |e examin|ed... |
|00000a70| 20 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 | More t|han two |
|00000a80| 74 68 69 72 64 73 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 |thirds o|f these |
|00000a90| 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e | 20 68 61 64 20 73 65 69 |children| had sei|
|00000aa0| 7a 75 72 65 73 20 61 74 | 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 6f |zures at| least o|
|00000ab0| 6e 63 65 20 61 20 77 65 | 65 6b 0d 0a 28 54 61 62 |nce a we|ek..(Tab|
|00000ac0| 6c 65 20 31 29 2e 20 20 | 47 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 69 |le 1). |Generali|
|00000ad0| 7a 65 64 20 74 6f 6e 69 | 63 2d 63 6c 6f 6e 69 63 |zed toni|c-clonic|
|00000ae0| 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 | 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 72 | seizure|s were r|
|00000af0| 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 31 30 20 70 61 |eported |in 10 pa|
|00000b00| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2e 0d | 0a 53 65 69 7a 75 72 65 |tients..|.Seizure|
|00000b10| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 66 | 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c |s were f|requentl|
|00000b20| 79 20 70 72 65 63 65 64 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 75 |y preced|ed by au|
|00000b30| 74 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 | 6d 61 6e 69 66 65 73 74 |tonomic |manifest|
|00000b40| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 76 6f 63 61 6c |ations a|nd vocal|
|00000b50| 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d | 0a 28 54 61 62 6c 65 20 |ization.|.(Table |
|00000b60| 32 29 2e 20 20 4e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 |2). Nor|mal inte|
|00000b70| 6c 6c 69 67 65 6e 63 65 | 20 77 61 73 20 66 6f 75 |lligence| was fou|
|00000b80| 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 37 31 | 25 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f |nd in 71|% and lo|
|00000b90| 77 20 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c | 69 67 65 6e 63 65 20 69 |w intell|igence i|
|00000ba0| 6e 20 32 39 25 2e 0d 0a | 45 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e 61 |n 29%...|Emotiona|
|00000bb0| 6c 20 6f 72 20 62 65 68 | 61 76 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 |l or beh|avioral |
|00000bc0| 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 70 72 |problems| were pr|
|00000bd0| 65 73 65 6e 74 20 69 6e | 20 32 34 25 2e 20 54 68 |esent in| 24%. Th|
|00000be0| 69 73 20 77 61 73 20 73 | 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 |is was s|ignifica|
|00000bf0| 6e 74 6c 79 0d 0a 6d 6f | 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f |ntly..mo|re commo|
|00000c00| 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 6f | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 6c 6f |n in tho|se of lo|
|00000c10| 77 20 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c | 69 67 65 6e 63 65 2e 20 |w intell|igence. |
|00000c20| 20 54 68 65 20 45 45 47 | 20 66 6f 63 75 73 20 77 | The EEG| focus w|
|00000c30| 61 73 20 72 69 67 68 74 | 2d 73 69 64 65 64 20 69 |as right|-sided i|
|00000c40| 6e 20 33 33 0d 0a 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 |n 33..pa|tients, |
|00000c50| 6c 65 66 74 2d 73 69 64 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 32 35 |left-sid|ed in 25|
|00000c60| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 62 69 | 6c 61 74 65 72 61 6c 20 |, and bi|lateral |
|00000c70| 69 6e 20 35 2e 20 20 54 | 75 6d 6f 72 73 20 77 65 |in 5. T|umors we|
|00000c80| 72 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 | 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 36 |re detec|ted in 6|
|00000c90| 0d 0a 70 61 74 69 65 6e | 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |..patien|ts, and |
|00000ca0| 66 6f 63 61 6c 20 61 74 | 72 6f 70 68 79 20 77 61 |focal at|rophy wa|
|00000cb0| 73 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 31 32 |s detect|ed in 12|
|00000cc0| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 | patient|s. Ther|
|00000cd0| 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 0d | 0a 70 72 65 64 69 73 70 |e was a.|.predisp|
|00000ce0| 6f 73 69 6e 67 20 66 61 | 63 74 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 |osing fa|ctor in |
|00000cf0| 34 35 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 28 54 61 62 6c |45 patie|nts(Tabl|
|00000d00| 65 20 33 29 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 |e 3). T|here was|
|00000d10| 20 61 20 74 65 6e 64 65 | 6e 63 79 20 66 6f 72 20 | a tende|ncy for |
|00000d20| 74 68 65 0d 0a 73 65 69 | 7a 75 72 65 73 20 74 6f |the..sei|zures to|
|00000d30| 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 20 | 69 6e 20 66 72 65 71 75 | reduce |in frequ|
|00000d40| 65 6e 63 79 20 6f 76 65 | 72 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 |ency ove|r time, |
|00000d50| 62 75 74 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 31 30 25 20 6f 66 20 |but only| 10% of |
|00000d60| 74 68 6f 73 65 20 6d 61 | 6e 61 67 65 64 20 77 69 |those ma|naged wi|
|00000d70| 74 68 0d 0a 64 72 75 67 | 73 20 61 6c 6f 6e 65 20 |th..drug|s alone |
|00000d80| 77 65 72 65 20 66 72 65 | 65 20 6f 66 20 73 65 69 |were fre|e of sei|
|00000d90| 7a 75 72 65 73 20 61 74 | 20 61 6e 20 61 76 65 72 |zures at| an aver|
|00000da0| 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 36 | 2e 36 20 79 65 61 72 73 |age of 6|.6 years|
|00000db0| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 2d | 75 70 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | follow-|up... |
|00000dc0| 20 20 54 65 6d 70 6f 72 | 61 6c 20 6c 6f 62 65 63 | Tempor|al lobec|
|00000dd0| 74 6f 6d 79 20 77 61 73 | 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 |tomy was| success|
|00000de0| 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 72 | 65 64 75 63 69 6e 67 20 |ful in r|educing |
|00000df0| 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 20 | 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e 63 |seizure |frequenc|
|00000e00| 79 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 | 0d 0a 73 74 72 75 63 74 |y when a|..struct|
|00000e10| 75 72 61 6c 20 6c 65 73 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 73 75 63 |ural les|ion, suc|
|00000e20| 68 20 61 73 20 61 20 74 | 75 6d 6f 72 2c 20 77 61 |h as a t|umor, wa|
|00000e30| 73 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 2e 20 20 48 6f 77 65 |s presen|t. Howe|
|00000e40| 76 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 |ver, the|re was a|
|00000e50| 20 6d 61 72 6b 65 64 0d | 0a 72 65 64 75 63 74 69 | marked.|.reducti|
|00000e60| 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 73 65 | 69 7a 75 72 65 20 66 72 |on in se|izure fr|
|00000e70| 65 71 75 65 6e 63 79 20 | 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 65 |equency |after te|
|00000e80| 6d 70 6f 72 61 6c 20 6c | 6f 62 65 63 74 6f 6d 79 |mporal l|obectomy|
|00000e90| 20 65 76 65 6e 20 69 6e | 20 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 | even in| childre|
|00000ea0| 6e 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | 74 0d 0a 64 65 74 65 63 |n withou|t..detec|
|00000eb0| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6c 65 | 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 |table le|sions. |
|00000ec0| 54 68 69 73 20 73 75 67 | 67 65 73 74 73 20 74 68 |This sug|gests th|
|00000ed0| 61 74 20 73 75 72 67 65 | 72 79 20 69 73 20 75 73 |at surge|ry is us|
|00000ee0| 65 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 74 72 65 61 |eful in |the trea|
|00000ef0| 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 0d 0a 75 6e 63 6f 6e 74 |tment of|..uncont|
|00000f00| 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 54 | 4c 45 2c 20 77 68 65 74 |rolled T|LE, whet|
|00000f10| 68 65 72 20 6f 72 20 6e | 6f 74 20 61 20 74 75 6d |her or n|ot a tum|
|00000f20| 6f 72 20 69 73 20 70 72 | 65 73 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0a |or is pr|esent...|
|00000f30| 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d 43 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a |..Post-C|omment..|
|00000f40| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 44 | 72 2e 20 45 69 6c 65 65 |.. D|r. Eilee|
|00000f50| 6e 20 22 50 61 74 74 79 | 22 20 56 69 6e 69 6e 67 |n "Patty|" Vining|
|00000f60| 2c 20 41 73 73 69 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 50 72 6f 66 |, Assist|ant Prof|
|00000f70| 65 73 73 6f 72 20 6f 66 | 20 4e 65 75 72 6f 6c 6f |essor of| Neurolo|
|00000f80| 67 79 20 61 6e 64 20 50 | 65 64 69 61 74 72 69 63 |gy and P|ediatric|
|00000f90| 73 2c 0d 0a 4a 6f 68 6e | 73 20 48 6f 70 6b 69 6e |s,..John|s Hopkin|
|00000fa0| 73 20 55 6e 69 76 65 72 | 73 69 74 79 20 53 63 68 |s Univer|sity Sch|
|00000fb0| 6f 6f 6c 20 6f 66 20 4d | 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 2c |ool of M|edicine,|
|00000fc0| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f | provide|d the fo|
|00000fd0| 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | 68 65 6c 70 66 75 6c 0d |llowing |helpful.|
|00000fe0| 0a 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 | 3a 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |.comment|:.... |
|00000ff0| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 | 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 68 | This a|rticle h|
|00001000| 69 67 68 6c 69 67 68 74 | 73 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f |ighlight|s many o|
|00001010| 66 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 | 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |f the qu|estions |
|00001020| 74 68 61 74 20 6d 75 73 | 74 20 62 65 20 72 61 69 |that mus|t be rai|
|00001030| 73 65 64 0d 0a 63 6f 6e | 63 65 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 |sed..con|cerning |
|00001040| 70 61 72 74 69 61 6c 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 |partial |complex |
|00001050| 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 73 | 3a 20 20 74 68 65 69 72 |seizures|: their|
|00001060| 20 65 74 69 6f 6c 6f 67 | 79 2c 20 74 68 65 72 61 | etiolog|y, thera|
|00001070| 70 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6c 6f 63 61 6c 69 7a 61 |py, and |localiza|
|00001080| 74 69 6f 6e 0d 0a 66 6f | 72 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 |tion..fo|r potent|
|00001090| 69 61 6c 20 73 75 72 67 | 65 72 79 2e 0d 0a 20 20 |ial surg|ery... |
|000010a0| 20 20 20 49 73 20 74 68 | 65 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 | Is th|ere some|
|000010b0| 74 68 69 6e 67 20 70 61 | 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 |thing pa|rticular|
|000010c0| 6c 79 20 64 69 66 66 65 | 72 65 6e 74 20 61 62 6f |ly diffe|rent abo|
|000010d0| 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 74 69 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 |ut the e|tiology |
|000010e0| 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | 65 78 0d 0a 70 61 72 74 |of compl|ex..part|
|000010f0| 69 61 6c 20 73 65 69 7a | 75 72 65 73 20 28 43 50 |ial seiz|ures (CP|
|00001100| 53 29 2c 20 65 73 70 65 | 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 |S), espe|cially i|
|00001110| 6e 20 63 68 69 6c 64 72 | 65 6e 3f 20 20 49 74 20 |n childr|en? It |
|00001120| 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e 6c | 79 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 |certainl|y appear|
|00001130| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 74 65 6d 70 |s that t|he..temp|
|00001140| 6f 72 61 6c 20 6c 6f 62 | 65 20 69 73 20 6d 6f 72 |oral lob|e is mor|
|00001150| 65 20 73 75 73 63 65 70 | 74 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f |e suscep|tible to|
|00001160| 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 65 | 70 69 6c 65 70 74 6f 67 | being e|pileptog|
|00001170| 65 6e 69 63 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |enic. T|here is |
|00001180| 6e 6f 20 63 6c 65 61 72 | 0d 0a 72 65 61 73 6f 6e |no clear|..reason|
|00001190| 20 77 68 79 2c 20 61 6c | 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | why, al|though t|
|000011a0| 68 65 20 6e 61 74 75 72 | 65 2c 20 73 6f 70 68 69 |he natur|e, sophi|
|000011b0| 73 74 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 65 78 74 65 6e |sticatio|n, exten|
|000011c0| 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 65 | 76 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |t, and e|ven the |
|000011d0| 73 70 65 65 64 20 6f 66 | 0d 0a 74 72 61 6e 73 69 |speed of|..transi|
|000011e0| 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 | 74 68 69 6e 20 74 68 69 |ssion wi|thin thi|
|000011f0| 73 20 61 72 65 61 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 |s area o|f the br|
|00001200| 61 69 6e 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 73 75 72 65 6c 79 20 |ain must| surely |
|00001210| 62 65 20 64 69 66 66 65 | 72 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f |be diffe|rent fro|
|00001220| 6d 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 6f | 63 63 69 70 69 74 61 6c |m the..o|ccipital|
|00001230| 20 72 65 67 69 6f 6e 2c | 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 61 | region,| for exa|
|00001240| 6d 70 6c 65 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 72 65 20 63 6f 6e |mple. T|here con|
|00001250| 74 69 6e 75 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e |tinues t|o be con|
|00001260| 74 72 6f 76 65 72 73 79 | 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e |troversy| concern|
|00001270| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 6c 69 6e 6b 20 62 65 |ing the.|.link be|
|00001280| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 63 6f | 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 |tween co|mplicate|
|00001290| 64 20 66 65 62 72 69 6c | 65 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 |d febril|e seizur|
|000012a0| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 43 | 50 53 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 |es and C|PS... |
|000012b0| 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 6c 77 61 | There |are alwa|
|000012c0| 79 73 20 62 69 61 73 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 61 73 63 |ys biase|s of asc|
|000012d0| 65 72 74 61 69 6e 6d 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |ertainme|nt, and |
|000012e0| 6f 6e 65 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 75 72 |one must| of cour|
|000012f0| 73 65 20 77 6f 6e 64 65 | 72 20 77 68 79 0d 0a 61 |se wonde|r why..a|
|00001300| 20 63 68 69 6c 64 20 6d | 69 67 68 74 20 62 65 20 | child m|ight be |
|00001310| 70 72 6f 6e 65 20 74 6f | 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 |prone to| complic|
|00001320| 61 74 65 64 20 76 65 72 | 73 75 73 20 75 6e 63 6f |ated ver|sus unco|
|00001330| 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 | 64 20 66 65 62 72 69 6c |mplicate|d febril|
|00001340| 65 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 | 65 73 2e 20 20 49 6e 0d |e seizur|es. In.|
|00001350| 0a 61 63 74 75 61 6c 69 | 74 79 2c 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |.actuali|ty, only|
|00001360| 20 32 35 25 2d 33 30 25 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 | 25%-30%| of this|
|00001370| 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 | 68 61 64 20 61 20 72 65 | series |had a re|
|00001380| 6c 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | 20 77 65 6c 6c 2d 64 65 |latively| well-de|
|00001390| 66 69 6e 65 64 20 65 74 | 69 6f 6c 6f 67 79 2e 0d |fined et|iology..|
|000013a0| 0a 54 68 65 20 31 30 25 | 20 69 6e 63 69 64 65 6e |.The 10%| inciden|
|000013b0| 63 65 20 6f 66 20 62 72 | 61 69 6e 20 74 75 6d 6f |ce of br|ain tumo|
|000013c0| 72 73 20 61 73 20 63 61 | 75 73 61 74 69 76 65 20 |rs as ca|usative |
|000013d0| 6f 66 20 43 50 53 20 69 | 73 20 35 20 74 69 6d 65 |of CPS i|s 5 time|
|000013e0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f | 66 20 6d 6f 73 74 0d 0a |s that o|f most..|
|000013f0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 73 74 | 75 64 69 65 73 20 61 6e |other st|udies an|
|00001400| 64 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 | 65 73 20 63 6f 72 72 6f |d requir|es corro|
|00001410| 62 6f 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 72 |boration| and per|
|00001420| 68 61 70 73 20 66 75 72 | 74 68 65 72 20 61 6e 61 |haps fur|ther ana|
|00001430| 6c 79 73 69 73 20 61 73 | 20 74 6f 20 68 6f 77 0d |lysis as| to how.|
|00001440| 0a 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 | 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 |.these c|hildren |
|00001450| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 | 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 77 |present |before w|
|00001460| 61 72 72 61 6e 74 69 6e | 67 20 61 20 72 65 63 6f |arrantin|g a reco|
|00001470| 6d 6d 65 6e 64 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 |mmendati|on that |
|00001480| 61 6c 6c 20 63 68 69 6c | 64 72 65 6e 0d 0a 79 6f |all chil|dren..yo|
|00001490| 75 6e 67 65 72 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 32 20 79 65 61 |unger th|an 2 yea|
|000014a0| 72 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 43 50 53 20 68 61 76 65 |rs with |CPS have|
|000014b0| 20 61 20 43 54 20 73 63 | 61 6e 2e 20 20 50 65 72 | a CT sc|an. Per|
|000014c0| 68 61 70 73 20 45 45 47 | 20 6f 72 20 72 65 73 69 |haps EEG| or resi|
|000014d0| 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 74 | 6f 0d 0a 74 68 65 72 61 |stance t|o..thera|
|000014e0| 70 79 20 6d 69 67 68 74 | 20 62 65 20 69 6d 70 6f |py might| be impo|
|000014f0| 72 74 61 6e 74 20 68 61 | 6c 6c 6d 61 72 6b 73 2e |rtant ha|llmarks.|
|00001500| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 55 | 6e 66 6f 72 74 75 6e 61 |.. U|nfortuna|
|00001510| 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 6f 75 | 74 63 6f 6d 65 20 69 73 |tely, ou|tcome is|
|00001520| 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 74 | 74 65 72 20 63 6c 61 72 | not bet|ter clar|
|00001530| 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 72 |ified by| this ar|
|00001540| 74 69 63 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 4f 75 74 63 6f 6d 65 0d |ticle. |Outcome.|
|00001550| 0a 64 6f 65 73 20 72 65 | 66 6c 65 63 74 20 61 20 |.does re|flect a |
|00001560| 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 72 70 | 72 69 73 69 6e 67 20 33 |not surp|rising 3|
|00001570| 30 25 20 77 68 6f 20 61 | 72 65 20 69 6e 74 65 6c |0% who a|re intel|
|00001580| 6c 65 63 74 75 61 6c 6c | 79 20 6f 72 20 65 64 75 |lectuall|y or edu|
|00001590| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 6c 79 0d 0a 68 61 6e 64 |cational|ly..hand|
|000015a0| 69 63 61 70 70 65 64 2e | 20 20 41 6e 64 20 61 6c |icapped.| And al|
|000015b0| 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 66 6f 75 72 74 68 20 |most one| fourth |
|000015c0| 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 68 | 61 76 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 |have beh|avioral |
|000015d0| 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 | 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 |problems| signifi|
|000015e0| 63 61 6e 74 20 65 6e 6f | 75 67 68 0d 0a 74 6f 20 |cant eno|ugh..to |
|000015f0| 6e 65 65 64 20 72 65 66 | 65 72 72 61 6c 2c 20 61 |need ref|erral, a|
|00001600| 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 6c 79 | finding| closely|
|00001610| 20 6c 69 6e 6b 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 6c | linked |to intel|
|00001620| 6c 65 63 74 75 61 6c 20 | 68 61 6e 64 69 63 61 70 |lectual |handicap|
|00001630| 2c 20 61 0d 0a 70 68 65 | 6e 6f 6d 65 6e 6f 6e 20 |, a..phe|nomenon |
|00001640| 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 70 72 | 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 |noted pr|eviously|
|00001650| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 73 74 75 |... |This stu|
|00001660| 64 79 20 64 6f 65 73 6e | 27 74 20 74 65 6c 6c 20 |dy doesn|'t tell |
|00001670| 75 73 20 77 68 79 20 63 | 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 63 |us why c|ertain c|
|00001680| 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 | 77 65 72 65 20 6d 61 6e |hildren |were man|
|00001690| 61 67 65 64 20 6d 65 64 | 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 0d 0a |aged med|ically..|
|000016a0| 76 65 72 73 75 73 20 73 | 75 72 67 69 63 61 6c 6c |versus s|urgicall|
|000016b0| 79 2e 20 20 4f 6e 6c 79 | 20 38 20 63 68 69 6c 64 |y. Only| 8 child|
|000016c0| 72 65 6e 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 |ren were| treated|
|000016d0| 20 73 75 72 67 69 63 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 69 66 20 74 | surgica|lly if t|
|000016e0| 68 65 79 20 64 69 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 68 61 76 65 |hey did |not have|
|000016f0| 0d 0a 61 20 74 75 6d 6f | 72 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 |..a tumo|r. Ther|
|00001700| 65 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 | 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 69 |e are pr|oblems i|
|00001710| 6e 20 61 6e 61 6c 79 7a | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 73 |n analyz|ing this|
|00001720| 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 61 | 20 67 72 6f 75 70 2c 20 | small a| group, |
|00001730| 77 68 65 72 65 61 73 20 | 33 38 20 77 65 72 65 0d |whereas |38 were.|
|00001740| 0a 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 64 | 20 6d 65 64 69 63 61 6c |.managed| medical|
|00001750| 6c 79 2e 20 20 57 68 79 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 74 68 |ly. Why| were th|
|00001760| 65 79 20 65 78 63 6c 75 | 64 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d |ey exclu|ded from|
|00001770| 20 73 75 72 67 65 72 79 | 3f 20 20 54 68 65 20 61 | surgery|? The a|
|00001780| 75 74 68 6f 72 73 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 6e 65 65 64 |uthors a|lso need|
|00001790| 0d 0a 74 6f 20 61 73 6b | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6f |..to ask| other o|
|000017a0| 75 74 63 6f 6d 65 20 71 | 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 |utcome q|uestions|
|000017b0| 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 65 | concern|ing inte|
|000017c0| 6c 6c 65 63 74 75 61 6c | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 68 |llectual| and beh|
|000017d0| 61 76 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e |avioral |function|
|000017e0| 2c 0d 0a 73 69 6e 63 65 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 |,..since| there a|
|000017f0| 72 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 | 74 6f 20 73 75 67 67 65 |re data |to sugge|
|00001800| 73 74 20 69 6d 70 72 6f | 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 |st impro|vement i|
|00001810| 6e 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 61 72 65 61 73 20 61 73 |n these |areas as|
|00001820| 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 73 65 69 7a 75 | well wh|en seizu|
|00001830| 72 65 73 0d 0a 61 72 65 | 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 |res..are| reduced|
|00001840| 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 65 64 | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | and med|ications|
|00001850| 20 65 6c 69 6d 69 6e 61 | 74 65 64 2e 0d 0a 20 20 | elimina|ted... |
|00001860| 20 20 20 48 6f 77 20 63 | 61 6e 20 77 65 20 62 65 | How c|an we be|
|00001870| 20 73 75 72 65 20 77 68 | 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | sure wh|ere the |
|00001880| 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 69 6e |seizure |is comin|
|00001890| 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 3f 20 | 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 61 |g from? | These a|
|000018a0| 75 74 68 6f 72 73 20 72 | 65 70 6f 72 74 0d 0a 62 |uthors r|eport..b|
|000018b0| 69 6c 61 74 65 72 61 6c | 20 61 62 6e 6f 72 6d 61 |ilateral| abnorma|
|000018c0| 6c 69 74 69 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 35 20 63 68 69 6c |lities i|n 5 chil|
|000018d0| 64 72 65 6e 2c 20 70 72 | 65 73 75 6d 61 62 6c 79 |dren, pr|esumably|
|000018e0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 63 | 69 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e | the foc|i are in|
|000018f0| 74 65 72 69 63 74 61 6c | 2c 0d 0a 72 61 69 73 69 |terictal|,..raisi|
|00001900| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 73 73 75 65 20 61 73 20 |ng the i|ssue as |
|00001910| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 65 63 65 73 73 69 74 79 |to the n|ecessity|
|00001920| 20 66 6f 72 20 69 6e 74 | 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 6d | for int|ensive m|
|00001930| 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 |onitorin|g that w|
|00001940| 6f 75 6c 64 0d 0a 63 61 | 70 74 75 72 65 20 69 63 |ould..ca|pture ic|
|00001950| 74 61 6c 20 65 70 69 73 | 6f 64 65 73 20 61 73 20 |tal epis|odes as |
|00001960| 77 65 6c 6c 2d 2d 6d 6f | 72 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 |well--mo|re secur|
|00001970| 65 6c 79 20 64 65 66 69 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |ely defi|ning the|
|00001980| 20 65 78 74 65 6e 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 | extent |of the f|
|00001990| 6f 63 75 73 0d 0a 61 6e | 64 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 |ocus..an|d perhap|
|000019a0| 73 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 61 62 6c 61 74 69 76 |s making| ablativ|
|000019b0| 65 20 73 75 72 67 65 72 | 79 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 73 |e surger|y more s|
|000019c0| 75 63 63 65 73 73 66 75 | 6c 20 69 6e 20 74 68 6f |uccessfu|l in tho|
|000019d0| 73 65 20 77 69 74 68 6f | 75 74 20 61 0d 0a 70 61 |se witho|ut a..pa|
|000019e0| 74 68 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 65 66 |thologic|ally def|
|000019f0| 69 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 6c | 65 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 |inable l|esion. |
|00001a00| 49 6e 20 66 61 63 74 2c | 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 |In fact,| techniq|
|00001a10| 75 65 73 20 6f 66 20 69 | 6e 74 65 6e 73 69 76 65 |ues of i|ntensive|
|00001a20| 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 | 69 6e 67 0d 0a 6e 6f 77 | monitor|ing..now|
|00001a30| 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 | 20 73 75 62 64 75 72 61 | include| subdura|
|00001a40| 6c 20 67 72 69 64 20 70 | 6c 61 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 |l grid p|lacement|
|00001a50| 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 | 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 64 |, where |electrod|
|00001a60| 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 | 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 |es are a|ctually |
|00001a70| 70 6c 61 63 65 64 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 73 |placed o|n the..s|
|00001a80| 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 |urface o|f the br|
|00001a90| 61 69 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 |ain. Th|is allow|
|00001aa0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 | 65 61 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c |s the ar|ea invol|
|00001ab0| 76 65 64 20 69 6e 20 73 | 65 69 7a 75 72 65 20 69 |ved in s|eizure i|
|00001ac0| 6e 69 74 69 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 65 0d |nitiatio|n to be.|
|00001ad0| 0a 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 | 69 65 64 20 61 63 63 75 |.identif|ied accu|
|00001ae0| 72 61 74 65 6c 79 2e 20 | 20 41 64 64 69 74 69 6f |rately. | Additio|
|00001af0| 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |nally, t|he funct|
|00001b00| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 72 74 65 |ion of t|he corte|
|00001b10| 78 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | 20 6d 61 70 70 65 64 0d |x can be| mapped.|
|00001b20| 0a 74 6f 20 70 72 65 76 | 65 6e 74 20 72 65 6d 6f |.to prev|ent remo|
|00001b30| 76 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 61 | 72 65 61 73 20 6e 65 63 |val of a|reas nec|
|00001b40| 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 74 | 6f 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 |essary t|o import|
|00001b50| 61 6e 74 20 66 75 6e 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 75 |ant func|tions su|
|00001b60| 63 68 20 61 73 20 73 70 | 65 65 63 68 2c 0d 0a 6d |ch as sp|eech,..m|
|00001b70| 6f 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 2c | 20 73 65 6e 73 61 74 69 |ovement,| sensati|
|00001b80| 6f 6e 2e 20 20 57 65 20 | 77 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 69 |on. We |wonder i|
|00001b90| 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 | 72 74 69 63 6c 65 2c 20 |n this a|rticle, |
|00001ba0| 61 73 20 69 6e 20 6f 75 | 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 70 72 |as in ou|r own pr|
|00001bb0| 61 63 74 69 63 65 73 2c | 20 77 68 69 63 68 0d 0a |actices,| which..|
|00001bc0| 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 |children| should |
|00001bd0| 62 65 20 73 75 72 67 69 | 63 61 6c 20 63 61 6e 64 |be surgi|cal cand|
|00001be0| 69 64 61 74 65 73 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |idates..|. Th|
|00001bf0| 65 73 65 20 64 61 74 61 | 20 72 65 6d 69 6e 64 20 |ese data| remind |
|00001c00| 75 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 77 65 20 6d 61 79 20 73 |us that |we may s|
|00001c10| 65 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 64 65 72 61 62 6c 65 20 |ee consi|derable |
|00001c20| 69 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 68 |improvem|ent with|
|00001c30| 20 6d 65 64 69 63 61 6c | 0d 0a 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 | medical|..manage|
|00001c40| 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 62 75 | 74 20 6f 75 72 20 67 6f |ment, bu|t our go|
|00001c50| 61 6c 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | 62 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c |al must |be compl|
|00001c60| 65 74 65 20 73 65 69 7a | 75 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 |ete seiz|ure cont|
|00001c70| 72 6f 6c 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 74 6f 78 69 |rol with|out toxi|
|00001c80| 63 20 73 69 64 65 0d 0a | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 2e |c side..|effects.|
|00001c90| 20 20 53 75 72 67 69 63 | 61 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | Surgic|al inter|
|00001ca0| 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |vention |should b|
|00001cb0| 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | 65 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |e consid|ered in |
|00001cc0| 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 |children| when it|
|00001cd0| 20 68 61 73 0d 0a 62 65 | 65 6e 20 64 65 74 65 72 | has..be|en deter|
|00001ce0| 6d 69 6e 65 64 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 |mined th|at the s|
|00001cf0| 65 69 7a 75 72 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 69 6e 74 72 |eizures |are intr|
|00001d00| 61 63 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 65 64 69 63 |actable |to medic|
|00001d10| 61 6c 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 |al manag|ement. |
|00001d20| 54 68 69 73 0d 0a 61 74 | 74 65 6d 70 74 20 73 68 |This..at|tempt sh|
|00001d30| 6f 75 6c 64 20 74 61 6b | 65 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 |ould tak|e a few |
|00001d40| 79 65 61 72 73 2c 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 68 65 69 72 |years, n|ot their|
|00001d50| 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 20 | 63 68 69 6c 64 68 6f 6f | entire |childhoo|
|00001d60| 64 2e 2d 2d 45 2e 20 56 | 69 6e 69 6e 67 2c 20 4d |d.--E. V|ining, M|
|00001d70| 2e 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e | 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b |.D...$Un|ique_ID{|
|00001d80| 59 52 42 30 37 36 30 31 | 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c |YRB07601|}..$Titl|
|00001d90| 65 7b 57 69 74 68 64 72 | 61 77 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 |e{Withdr|awal of |
|00001da0| 41 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e 76 | 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 20 44 |Anticonv|ulsant D|
|00001db0| 72 75 67 73 20 69 6e 20 | 50 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 |rugs in |Patients|
|00001dc0| 20 46 72 65 65 20 6f 66 | 20 53 65 69 7a 75 72 65 | Free of| Seizure|
|00001dd0| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 54 77 | 6f 20 59 65 61 72 73 3a |s for Tw|o Years:|
|00001de0| 20 20 41 20 50 72 6f 73 | 70 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 | A Pros|pective |
|00001df0| 53 74 75 64 79 7d 0d 0a | 24 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b |Study}..|$Author{|
|00001e00| 0d 0a 43 61 6c 6c 61 67 | 68 61 6e 2c 20 4e 0d 0a |..Callag|han, N..|
|00001e10| 47 61 72 72 65 74 74 2c | 20 41 0d 0a 47 6f 67 67 |Garrett,| A..Gogg|
|00001e20| 69 6e 2c 20 54 7d 0d 0a | 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 |in, T}..|$Affilia|
|00001e30| 74 69 6f 6e 7b 43 6f 72 | 6b 20 52 65 67 69 6f 6e |tion{Cor|k Region|
|00001e40| 61 6c 20 48 6f 73 70 2c | 20 55 6e 69 76 20 43 6f |al Hosp,| Univ Co|
|00001e50| 6c 6c 65 67 65 2c 20 43 | 6f 72 6b 2c 20 49 72 65 |llege, C|ork, Ire|
|00001e60| 6c 61 6e 64 3b 20 50 61 | 72 6b 65 2d 44 61 76 69 |land; Pa|rke-Davi|
|00001e70| 73 2c 20 4d 63 44 6f 6e | 6e 65 6c 6c 2d 44 6f 75 |s, McDon|nell-Dou|
|00001e80| 67 6c 61 73 20 53 79 73 | 74 65 6d 73 2c 20 4c 6f |glas Sys|tems, Lo|
|00001e90| 6e 64 6f 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 | 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 7b |ndon}..$|Subject{|
|00001ea0| 57 69 74 68 64 72 61 77 | 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 61 6e |Withdraw|al of an|
|00001eb0| 74 69 63 6f 6e 76 75 6c | 73 61 6e 74 73 20 61 66 |ticonvul|sants af|
|00001ec0| 74 65 72 20 66 72 65 65 | 64 6f 6d 20 66 72 6f 6d |ter free|dom from|
|00001ed0| 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 77 | seizure|s for tw|
|00001ee0| 6f 20 79 65 61 72 73 3b | 0d 0a 41 6e 74 69 63 6f |o years;|..Antico|
|00001ef0| 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 | 73 20 77 69 74 68 64 72 |nvulsant|s withdr|
|00001f00| 61 77 61 6c 20 61 66 74 | 65 72 20 66 72 65 65 64 |awal aft|er freed|
|00001f10| 6f 6d 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 73 |om from |seizures|
|00001f20| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 77 6f | 20 79 65 61 72 73 7d 0d | for two| years}.|
|00001f30| 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 | 6c 7b 4e 20 45 6e 67 6c |.$Journa|l{N Engl|
|00001f40| 20 4a 20 4d 65 64 7d 0d | 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 | J Med}.|.$Volume|
|00001f50| 7b 33 31 38 7d 0d 0a 24 | 50 61 67 65 7b 39 34 32 |{318}..$|Page{942|
|00001f60| 2d 39 34 36 7d 0d 0a 24 | 44 61 74 65 7b 41 70 72 |-946}..$|Date{Apr|
|00001f70| 69 6c 20 31 34 2c 20 31 | 39 38 38 7d 0d 0a 24 59 |il 14, 1|988}..$Y|
|00001f80| 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 38 | 39 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |BVol{198|9 Year B|
|00001f90| 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 | 65 64 69 61 74 72 69 63 |ook of P|ediatric|
|00001fa0| 73 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 7b 36 2d 37 |s}..$Cha|pter{6-7|
|00001fb0| 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 | 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 |}..$YBEd|itor{Drs|
|00001fc0| 2e 20 4f 73 6b 69 20 61 | 6e 64 20 53 74 6f 63 6b |. Oski a|nd Stock|
|00001fd0| 6d 61 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 54 | 61 62 6c 65 7b 54 61 62 |man}..$T|able{Tab|
|00001fe0| 6c 65 20 4f 6d 69 74 74 | 65 64 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f |le Omitt|ed}..$Co|
|00001ff0| 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f | 72 7b 46 2e 41 2e 20 4f |mmentato|r{F.A. O|
|00002000| 73 6b 69 2c 20 4d 2e 44 | 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f |ski, M.D|.}....Co|
|00002010| 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 | 28 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 |pyright |(c) Year|
|00002020| 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 | 64 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 | Book Me|dical Pu|
|00002030| 62 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 | 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 |blishers|, Inc., |
|00002040| 31 39 38 39 0d 0a 0d 0a | 31 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 |1989....|1989 Yea|
|00002050| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 50 65 64 69 61 74 |r Book o|f Pediat|
|00002060| 72 69 63 73 20 28 52 29 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 |rics (R)|....Chap|
|00002070| 74 65 72 20 36 2d 2d 4e | 65 75 72 6f 6c 6f 67 79 |ter 6--N|eurology|
|00002080| 20 61 6e 64 20 50 73 79 | 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 0d | and Psy|chiatry.|
|00002090| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |...-----|--------|
|000020a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000020b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000020c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000020d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000020e0| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 57 69 74 | 68 64 72 61 77 61 6c 20 |---..Wit|hdrawal |
|000020f0| 6f 66 20 41 6e 74 69 63 | 6f 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e |of Antic|onvulsan|
|00002100| 74 20 44 72 75 67 73 20 | 69 6e 20 50 61 74 69 65 |t Drugs |in Patie|
|00002110| 6e 74 73 20 46 72 65 65 | 20 6f 66 20 53 65 69 7a |nts Free| of Seiz|
|00002120| 75 72 65 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 54 77 6f 20 59 65 61 |ures for| Two Yea|
|00002130| 72 73 3a 0d 0a 41 20 50 | 72 6f 73 70 65 63 74 69 |rs:..A P|rospecti|
|00002140| 76 65 20 53 74 75 64 79 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 61 6c 6c |ve Study|....Call|
|00002150| 61 67 68 61 6e 20 4e 2c | 20 47 61 72 72 65 74 74 |aghan N,| Garrett|
|00002160| 20 41 2c 20 47 6f 67 67 | 69 6e 20 54 0d 0a 28 43 | A, Gogg|in T..(C|
|00002170| 6f 72 6b 20 52 65 67 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 48 6f 73 |ork Regi|onal Hos|
|00002180| 70 2c 20 55 6e 69 76 20 | 43 6f 6c 6c 65 67 65 2c |p, Univ |College,|
|00002190| 20 43 6f 72 6b 2c 20 49 | 72 65 6c 61 6e 64 3b 20 | Cork, I|reland; |
|000021a0| 50 61 72 6b 65 2d 44 61 | 76 69 73 2c 20 4d 63 44 |Parke-Da|vis, McD|
|000021b0| 6f 6e 6e 65 6c 6c 2d 44 | 6f 75 67 6c 61 73 0d 0a |onnell-D|ouglas..|
|000021c0| 53 79 73 74 65 6d 73 2c | 20 4c 6f 6e 64 6f 6e 29 |Systems,| London)|
|000021d0| 0d 0a 4e 20 45 6e 67 6c | 20 4a 20 4d 65 64 20 33 |..N Engl| J Med 3|
|000021e0| 31 38 3a 39 34 32 2d 39 | 34 36 2c 20 41 70 72 69 |18:942-9|46, Apri|
|000021f0| 6c 20 31 34 2c 20 31 39 | 38 38 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d |l 14, 19|88..----|
|00002200| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002210| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002220| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002230| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002240| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a |--------|----....|
|00002250| 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |Abstract|.... |
|00002260| 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 69 | Because| of thei|
|00002270| 72 20 6c 6f 6e 67 2d 74 | 65 72 6d 20 74 6f 78 69 |r long-t|erm toxi|
|00002280| 63 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | 73 2c 20 70 72 6f 6c 6f |c effect|s, prolo|
|00002290| 6e 67 65 64 20 74 72 65 | 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 |nged tre|atment w|
|000022a0| 69 74 68 0d 0a 61 6e 74 | 69 63 6f 6e 76 75 6c 73 |ith..ant|iconvuls|
|000022b0| 61 6e 74 20 64 72 75 67 | 73 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |ant drug|s should|
|000022c0| 20 62 65 20 61 76 6f 69 | 64 65 64 2c 20 70 61 72 | be avoi|ded, par|
|000022d0| 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 6c | 79 20 69 66 20 73 61 74 |ticularl|y if sat|
|000022e0| 69 73 66 61 63 74 6f 72 | 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |isfactor|y contro|
|000022f0| 6c 20 6f 66 0d 0a 73 65 | 69 7a 75 72 65 73 20 68 |l of..se|izures h|
|00002300| 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 61 63 68 69 65 76 65 64 |as been |achieved|
|00002310| 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 61 20 | 70 72 6f 73 70 65 63 74 |. In a |prospect|
|00002320| 69 76 65 20 73 74 75 64 | 79 2c 20 61 6e 74 69 63 |ive stud|y, antic|
|00002330| 6f 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e | 74 20 64 72 75 67 20 74 |onvulsan|t drug t|
|00002340| 68 65 72 61 70 79 0d 0a | 77 61 73 20 64 69 73 63 |herapy..|was disc|
|00002350| 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 39 32 20 70 |ontinued| in 92 p|
|00002360| 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 | 77 68 6f 20 68 61 64 20 |atients |who had |
|00002370| 62 65 65 6e 20 66 72 65 | 65 20 6f 66 20 73 65 69 |been fre|e of sei|
|00002380| 7a 75 72 65 73 20 64 75 | 72 69 6e 67 20 32 20 79 |zures du|ring 2 y|
|00002390| 65 61 72 73 20 6f 66 0d | 0a 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 |ears of.|.treatme|
|000023a0| 6e 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 |nt with |a single|
|000023b0| 20 64 72 75 67 20 74 6f | 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 | drug to| determi|
|000023c0| 6e 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 61 63 74 6f 72 73 20 61 |ne the f|actors a|
|000023d0| 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 72 |ssociate|d with r|
|000023e0| 65 6c 61 70 73 65 0d 0a | 61 66 74 65 72 20 77 69 |elapse..|after wi|
|000023f0| 74 68 64 72 61 77 61 6c | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 |thdrawal| of thes|
|00002400| 65 20 61 67 65 6e 74 73 | 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 70 |e agents|. All p|
|00002410| 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 | 68 61 64 20 65 70 69 6c |atients |had epil|
|00002420| 65 70 73 79 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 68 61 64 20 70 72 |epsy tha|t had pr|
|00002430| 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 | 0d 0a 62 65 65 6e 20 75 |eviously|..been u|
|00002440| 6e 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 74 20 |ntreated| and at |
|00002450| 64 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 69 | 73 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 |diagnosi|s had be|
|00002460| 65 6e 20 72 61 6e 64 6f | 6d 6c 79 20 61 73 73 69 |en rando|mly assi|
|00002470| 67 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 72 65 63 65 69 76 65 0d |gned to |receive.|
|00002480| 0a 63 61 72 62 61 6d 61 | 7a 65 70 69 6e 65 2c 20 |.carbama|zepine, |
|00002490| 70 68 65 6e 79 74 6f 69 | 6e 2c 20 6f 72 20 73 6f |phenytoi|n, or so|
|000024a0| 64 69 75 6d 20 76 61 6c | 70 72 6f 61 74 65 20 61 |dium val|proate a|
|000024b0| 73 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 | 2d 64 72 75 67 20 74 72 |s single|-drug tr|
|000024c0| 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 2e | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 |eatment.|.. T|
|000024d0| 68 69 72 74 79 2d 6f 6e | 65 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e |hirty-on|e patien|
|000024e0| 74 73 20 72 65 6c 61 70 | 73 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |ts relap|sed and |
|000024f0| 36 31 20 72 65 6d 61 69 | 6e 65 64 20 66 72 65 65 |61 remai|ned free|
|00002500| 20 6f 66 20 73 65 69 7a | 75 72 65 73 2e 20 20 4d | of seiz|ures. M|
|00002510| 65 61 6e 0d 0a 64 75 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |ean..dur|ation of|
|00002520| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 2d | 75 70 20 69 6e 20 70 61 | follow-|up in pa|
|00002530| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 77 | 68 6f 20 72 65 6d 61 69 |tients w|ho remai|
|00002540| 6e 65 64 20 73 65 69 7a | 75 72 65 20 66 72 65 65 |ned seiz|ure free|
|00002550| 20 77 61 73 20 33 35 20 | 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 0d 0a | was 35 |months..|
|00002560| 28 72 61 6e 67 65 2c 20 | 36 2d 36 32 20 6d 6f 6e |(range, |6-62 mon|
|00002570| 74 68 73 29 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 72 65 6c 61 70 |ths). T|he relap|
|00002580| 73 65 20 72 61 74 65 20 | 64 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 |se rate |did not |
|00002590| 64 69 66 66 65 72 20 73 | 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 |differ s|ignifica|
|000025a0| 6e 74 6c 79 20 62 65 74 | 77 65 65 6e 0d 0a 63 68 |ntly bet|ween..ch|
|000025b0| 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 28 | 33 31 25 29 20 61 6e 64 |ildren (|31%) and|
|000025c0| 20 61 64 75 6c 74 73 20 | 28 33 35 25 29 2e 20 20 | adults |(35%). |
|000025d0| 52 65 6c 61 70 73 65 20 | 77 61 73 20 73 69 67 6e |Relapse |was sign|
|000025e0| 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 6c | 79 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 |ificantl|y associ|
|000025f0| 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 0d 0a 6c 6f 6e |ated wit|h a..lon|
|00002600| 67 65 72 20 64 75 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |ger dura|tion of |
|00002610| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 2c 20 67 65 6e 65 72 |treatmen|t, gener|
|00002620| 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 6f | 72 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 |alized o|r simple|
|00002630| 20 70 61 72 74 69 61 6c | 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 | partial| seizure|
|00002640| 73 20 77 69 74 68 0d 0a | 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 61 72 |s with..|secondar|
|00002650| 79 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |y genera|lization|
|00002660| 2c 20 75 73 65 20 6f 66 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 |, use of| more th|
|00002670| 61 6e 20 31 20 64 72 75 | 67 20 61 73 20 73 69 6e |an 1 dru|g as sin|
|00002680| 67 6c 65 2d 64 72 75 67 | 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 |gle-drug| therapy|
|00002690| 20 74 6f 0d 0a 6f 62 74 | 61 69 6e 20 73 65 69 7a | to..obt|ain seiz|
|000026a0| 75 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 72 6f 6c 2c 20 6d 6f 72 |ure cont|rol, mor|
|000026b0| 65 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 | 65 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 |e seizur|es befor|
|000026c0| 65 20 61 63 68 69 65 76 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 |e achiev|ement of|
|000026d0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e | control|, and an|
|000026e0| 20 45 45 47 0d 0a 63 6c | 61 73 73 69 66 69 63 61 | EEG..cl|assifica|
|000026f0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 33 20 6f 72 20 34 20 28 |tion of |3 or 4 (|
|00002700| 54 61 62 6c 65 20 31 29 | 2e 20 20 50 61 74 69 65 |Table 1)|. Patie|
|00002710| 6e 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 |nts with| complex|
|00002720| 20 6f 72 20 73 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 20 70 61 72 74 69 | or simp|le parti|
|00002730| 61 6c 0d 0a 73 65 69 7a | 75 72 65 73 20 77 69 74 |al..seiz|ures wit|
|00002740| 68 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 61 72 79 20 67 65 6e 65 |h second|ary gene|
|00002750| 72 61 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 6f 73 |ralizati|on, thos|
|00002760| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 20 34 20 65 |e with c|lass 4 e|
|00002770| 6e 63 65 70 68 61 6c 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 2c 20 61 |ncephalo|grams, a|
|00002780| 6e 64 0d 0a 74 68 6f 73 | 65 20 69 6e 20 77 68 6f |nd..thos|e in who|
|00002790| 6d 20 73 6f 64 69 75 6d | 20 76 61 6c 70 72 6f 61 |m sodium| valproa|
|000027a0| 74 65 20 77 61 73 20 64 | 69 73 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e |te was d|iscontin|
|000027b0| 75 65 64 20 68 61 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 73 |ued had |the wors|
|000027c0| 74 20 70 72 6f 67 6e 6f | 73 69 73 20 28 54 61 62 |t progno|sis (Tab|
|000027d0| 6c 65 0d 0a 32 29 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |le..2)..|. Th|
|000027e0| 65 20 72 65 6c 61 70 73 | 65 20 72 61 74 65 20 77 |e relaps|e rate w|
|000027f0| 61 73 20 35 2e 39 25 20 | 70 65 72 20 6d 6f 6e 74 |as 5.9% |per mont|
|00002800| 68 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 |h for th|e first |
|00002810| 33 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 63 |3 months| and dec|
|00002820| 6c 69 6e 65 64 20 74 6f | 0d 0a 30 2e 35 25 20 70 |lined to|..0.5% p|
|00002830| 65 72 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |er month| in the |
|00002840| 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c | 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e |interval| between|
|00002850| 20 36 20 61 6e 64 20 39 | 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 20 | 6 and 9| months |
|00002860| 61 66 74 65 72 20 77 69 | 74 68 64 72 61 77 61 6c |after wi|thdrawal|
|00002870| 20 28 46 69 67 0d 0a 36 | 2d 31 29 2e 0d 0a 20 20 | (Fig..6|-1)... |
|00002880| 20 20 20 57 69 74 68 64 | 72 61 77 61 6c 20 6f 66 | Withd|rawal of|
|00002890| 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e | 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 20 | anticon|vulsant |
|000028a0| 64 72 75 67 73 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |drugs sh|ould be |
|000028b0| 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 70 61 |consider|ed in pa|
|000028c0| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 77 | 68 6f 20 61 72 65 0d 0a |tients w|ho are..|
|000028d0| 66 72 65 65 20 6f 66 20 | 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 73 |free of |seizures|
|000028e0| 20 66 6f 72 20 32 20 79 | 65 61 72 73 2e 0d 0a 0d | for 2 y|ears....|
|000028f0| 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d 43 6f | 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d |.Post-Co|mment...|
|00002900| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 73 74 75 64 79 |. Th|is study|
|00002910| 20 6c 61 72 67 65 6c 79 | 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d | largely| confirm|
|00002920| 73 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f | 75 73 20 6f 62 73 65 72 |s previo|us obser|
|00002930| 76 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 28 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 |vations |(see the|
|00002940| 20 31 39 38 33 20 59 45 | 41 52 20 42 4f 4f 4b 2c | 1983 YE|AR BOOK,|
|00002950| 0d 0a 70 20 33 39 31 29 | 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 |..p 391)| about t|
|00002960| 68 65 20 6c 6f 77 20 72 | 65 6c 61 70 73 65 20 72 |he low r|elapse r|
|00002970| 61 74 65 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 73 74 6f 70 70 69 |ate afte|r stoppi|
|00002980| 6e 67 20 61 6e 74 69 63 | 6f 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e |ng antic|onvulsan|
|00002990| 74 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d | 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 59 6f |t treatm|ent. Yo|
|000029a0| 75 0d 0a 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6f 62 76 69 6f 75 |u..shoul|d obviou|
|000029b0| 73 6c 79 20 74 68 69 6e | 6b 20 74 77 69 63 65 20 |sly thin|k twice |
|000029c0| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 73 74 | 61 72 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |about st|arting a|
|000029d0| 20 63 68 69 6c 64 20 6f | 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f | child o|n antico|
|000029e0| 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 | 73 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 |nvulsant|s after |
|000029f0| 74 68 65 0d 0a 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 73 65 69 7a 75 |the..fir|st seizu|
|00002a00| 72 65 2e 20 20 4f 6e 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 |re. Onc|e therap|
|00002a10| 79 20 69 73 20 73 74 61 | 72 74 65 64 2c 20 79 6f |y is sta|rted, yo|
|00002a20| 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 69 6d 6d 65 64 69 61 |u should| immedia|
|00002a30| 74 65 6c 79 20 62 65 67 | 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |tely beg|in to th|
|00002a40| 69 6e 6b 0d 0a 61 62 6f | 75 74 20 73 74 6f 70 70 |ink..abo|ut stopp|
|00002a50| 69 6e 67 20 69 74 2e 20 | 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 6f 66 |ing it. | Some of|
|00002a60| 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 | 73 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 | the rea|sons for|
|00002a70| 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 74 | 74 69 74 75 64 65 20 61 | this at|titude a|
|00002a80| 72 65 20 64 65 73 63 72 | 69 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |re descr|ibed in |
|00002a90| 74 68 65 0d 0a 61 62 73 | 74 72 61 63 74 20 61 6e |the..abs|tract an|
|00002aa0| 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 61 72 79 20 74 68 61 |d commen|tary tha|
|00002ab0| 74 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 2e 2d 2d 46 2e 41 2e 20 |t follow|.--F.A. |
|00002ac0| 4f 73 6b 69 2c 20 4d 2e | 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 |Oski, M.|D...$Uni|
|00002ad0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 30 37 36 30 32 7d |que_ID{Y|RB07602}|
|00002ae0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 50 73 79 63 68 6f 6c |..$Title|{Psychol|
|00002af0| 6f 67 69 63 20 61 6e 64 | 20 42 65 68 61 76 69 6f |ogic and| Behavio|
|00002b00| 72 61 6c 20 45 66 66 65 | 63 74 73 20 6f 66 20 41 |ral Effe|cts of A|
|00002b10| 6e 74 69 65 70 69 6c 65 | 70 74 69 63 20 44 72 75 |ntiepile|ptic Dru|
|00002b20| 67 73 20 69 6e 20 43 68 | 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 3a 20 |gs in Ch|ildren: |
|00002b30| 20 41 20 44 6f 75 62 6c | 65 2d 42 6c 69 6e 64 20 | A Doubl|e-Blind |
|00002b40| 43 6f 6d 70 61 72 69 73 | 6f 6e 20 42 65 74 77 65 |Comparis|on Betwe|
|00002b50| 65 6e 20 50 68 65 6e 6f | 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 6c |en Pheno|barbital|
|00002b60| 20 61 6e 64 20 56 61 6c | 70 72 6f 69 63 20 41 63 | and Val|proic Ac|
|00002b70| 69 64 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 56 |id}..$Au|thor{..V|
|00002b80| 69 6e 69 6e 67 2c 20 45 | 50 47 0d 0a 4d 65 6c 6c |ining, E|PG..Mell|
|00002b90| 69 74 73 2c 20 45 44 0d | 0a 44 6f 72 73 65 6e 2c |its, ED.|.Dorsen,|
|00002ba0| 20 4d 4d 0d 0a 43 61 74 | 61 6c 64 6f 2c 20 4d 46 | MM..Cat|aldo, MF|
|00002bb0| 0d 0a 51 75 61 73 6b 65 | 79 2c 20 53 41 0d 0a 53 |..Quaske|y, SA..S|
|00002bc0| 70 69 65 6c 62 65 72 67 | 2c 20 53 50 0d 0a 46 72 |pielberg|, SP..Fr|
|00002bd0| 65 65 6d 61 6e 2c 20 4a | 4d 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 |eeman, J|M}..$Aff|
|00002be0| 69 6c 69 61 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 4a 6f 68 6e 73 20 48 |iliation|{Johns H|
|00002bf0| 6f 70 6b 69 6e 73 20 4d | 65 64 20 49 6e 73 74 73 |opkins M|ed Insts|
|00002c00| 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 62 6a | 65 63 74 7b 56 61 6c 70 |}..$Subj|ect{Valp|
|00002c10| 72 6f 69 63 20 61 63 69 | 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 |roic aci|d compar|
|00002c20| 69 73 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 70 68 65 6e 6f 62 |ison wit|h phenob|
|00002c30| 61 72 62 69 74 61 6c 20 | 66 6f 72 20 65 70 69 6c |arbital |for epil|
|00002c40| 65 70 73 79 3b 0d 0a 50 | 73 79 63 68 6f 6c 6f 67 |epsy;..P|sycholog|
|00002c50| 69 63 20 65 66 66 65 63 | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 61 6e |ic effec|ts of an|
|00002c60| 74 69 65 70 69 6c 65 70 | 74 69 63 73 3b 0d 0a 50 |tiepilep|tics;..P|
|00002c70| 68 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 | 69 74 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d |henobarb|ital com|
|00002c80| 70 61 72 69 73 6f 6e 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 76 61 6c |parison |with val|
|00002c90| 70 72 6f 69 63 20 61 63 | 69 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 |proic ac|id for e|
|00002ca0| 70 69 6c 65 70 73 79 3b | 0d 0a 45 70 69 6c 65 70 |pilepsy;|..Epilep|
|00002cb0| 73 79 20 61 6e 74 69 65 | 70 69 6c 65 70 74 69 63 |sy antie|pileptic|
|00002cc0| 73 2c 20 70 73 79 63 68 | 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 61 |s, psych|ologic a|
|00002cd0| 6e 64 20 62 65 68 61 76 | 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 65 66 |nd behav|ioral ef|
|00002ce0| 66 65 63 74 73 20 6f 66 | 3b 0d 0a 42 65 68 61 76 |fects of|;..Behav|
|00002cf0| 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 6f 66 |ioral ef|fects of|
|00002d00| 20 61 6e 74 69 65 70 69 | 6c 65 70 74 69 63 73 3b | antiepi|leptics;|
|00002d10| 0d 0a 41 6e 74 69 65 70 | 69 6c 65 70 74 69 63 73 |..Antiep|ileptics|
|00002d20| 20 70 73 79 63 68 6f 6c | 6f 67 69 63 20 61 6e 64 | psychol|ogic and|
|00002d30| 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 72 61 6c 20 65 66 66 65 | behavio|ral effe|
|00002d40| 63 74 73 20 6f 66 7d 0d | 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |cts of}.|.$Journa|
|00002d50| 6c 7b 50 65 64 69 61 74 | 72 69 63 73 7d 0d 0a 24 |l{Pediat|rics}..$|
|00002d60| 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 38 | 30 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 |Volume{8|0}..$Pag|
|00002d70| 65 7b 31 36 35 2d 31 37 | 34 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 |e{165-17|4}..$Dat|
|00002d80| 65 7b 41 75 67 75 73 74 | 20 31 39 38 37 7d 0d 0a |e{August| 1987}..|
|00002d90| 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 | 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 72 |$YBVol{1|989 Year|
|00002da0| 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 | 20 50 65 64 69 61 74 72 | Book of| Pediatr|
|00002db0| 69 63 73 7d 0d 0a 24 43 | 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b 36 |ics}..$C|hapter{6|
|00002dc0| 2d 38 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 |-8}..$YB|Editor{D|
|00002dd0| 72 73 2e 20 4f 73 6b 69 | 20 61 6e 64 20 53 74 6f |rs. Oski| and Sto|
|00002de0| 63 6b 6d 61 6e 7d 0d 0a | 24 54 61 62 6c 65 7b 54 |ckman}..|$Table{T|
|00002df0| 61 62 6c 65 20 4f 6d 69 | 74 74 65 64 7d 0d 0a 24 |able Omi|tted}..$|
|00002e00| 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 | 74 6f 72 7b 7d 0d 0a 0d |Commenta|tor{}...|
|00002e10| 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 | 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 |.Copyrig|ht (c) Y|
|00002e20| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c |ear Book| Medical|
|00002e30| 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 | 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 | Publish|ers, Inc|
|00002e40| 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d | 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 20 |., 1989.|...1989 |
|00002e50| 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f | 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 65 64 |Year Boo|k of Ped|
|00002e60| 69 61 74 72 69 63 73 20 | 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 |iatrics |(R)....C|
|00002e70| 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 36 | 2d 2d 4e 65 75 72 6f 6c |hapter 6|--Neurol|
|00002e80| 6f 67 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 |ogy and |Psychiat|
|00002e90| 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ry....--|--------|
|00002ea0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002eb0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002ec0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002ed0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002ee0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a | 50 73 79 63 68 6f 6c 6f |------..|Psycholo|
|00002ef0| 67 69 63 20 61 6e 64 20 | 42 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 |gic and |Behavior|
|00002f00| 61 6c 20 45 66 66 65 63 | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 41 6e |al Effec|ts of An|
|00002f10| 74 69 65 70 69 6c 65 70 | 74 69 63 20 44 72 75 67 |tiepilep|tic Drug|
|00002f20| 73 20 69 6e 20 43 68 69 | 6c 64 72 65 6e 3a 20 20 |s in Chi|ldren: |
|00002f30| 41 0d 0a 44 6f 75 62 6c | 65 2d 42 6c 69 6e 64 20 |A..Doubl|e-Blind |
|00002f40| 43 6f 6d 70 61 72 69 73 | 6f 6e 20 42 65 74 77 65 |Comparis|on Betwe|
|00002f50| 65 6e 20 50 68 65 6e 6f | 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 6c |en Pheno|barbital|
|00002f60| 20 61 6e 64 20 56 61 6c | 70 72 6f 69 63 20 41 63 | and Val|proic Ac|
|00002f70| 69 64 0d 0a 0d 0a 56 69 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 45 50 47 |id....Vi|ning EPG|
|00002f80| 2c 20 4d 65 6c 6c 69 74 | 73 20 45 44 2c 20 44 6f |, Mellit|s ED, Do|
|00002f90| 72 73 65 6e 20 4d 4d 2c | 20 43 61 74 61 6c 64 6f |rsen MM,| Cataldo|
|00002fa0| 20 4d 46 2c 20 51 75 61 | 73 6b 65 79 20 53 41 2c | MF, Qua|skey SA,|
|00002fb0| 20 53 70 69 65 6c 62 65 | 72 67 20 53 50 2c 0d 0a | Spielbe|rg SP,..|
|00002fc0| 46 72 65 65 6d 61 6e 20 | 4a 4d 0d 0a 28 4a 6f 68 |Freeman |JM..(Joh|
|00002fd0| 6e 73 20 48 6f 70 6b 69 | 6e 73 20 4d 65 64 20 49 |ns Hopki|ns Med I|
|00002fe0| 6e 73 74 73 29 0d 0a 50 | 65 64 69 61 74 72 69 63 |nsts)..P|ediatric|
|00002ff0| 73 20 38 30 3a 31 36 35 | 2d 31 37 34 2c 20 41 75 |s 80:165|-174, Au|
|00003000| 67 75 73 74 20 31 39 38 | 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |gust 198|7..-----|
|00003010| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003020| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003030| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003040| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003050| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 |--------|---....A|
|00003060| 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |bstract.|... |
|00003070| 50 68 79 73 69 63 69 61 | 6e 73 20 77 68 6f 20 74 |Physicia|ns who t|
|00003080| 72 65 61 74 20 63 68 69 | 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 77 69 |reat chi|ldren wi|
|00003090| 74 68 20 65 70 69 6c 65 | 70 73 79 20 6d 75 73 74 |th epile|psy must|
|000030a0| 20 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 | 20 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 | prevent| seizure|
|000030b0| 20 77 68 69 6c 65 0d 0a | 6d 69 6e 69 6d 69 7a 69 | while..|minimizi|
|000030c0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 65 |ng the s|ide effe|
|000030d0| 63 74 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 75 73 2c 20 6d 65 74 68 |cts. Th|us, meth|
|000030e0| 6f 64 73 20 6f 66 20 61 | 73 73 65 73 73 69 6e 67 |ods of a|ssessing|
|000030f0| 20 73 75 62 74 6c 65 20 | 73 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 | subtle |side eff|
|00003100| 65 63 74 73 0d 0a 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 69 |ects..th|at can i|
|00003110| 6e 74 65 72 66 65 72 65 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 63 |nterfere| with sc|
|00003120| 68 6f 6f 6c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 |hool and| social |
|00003130| 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 6e 63 65 20 61 72 65 20 |performa|nce are |
|00003140| 6e 65 65 64 65 64 2e 20 | 20 41 0d 0a 64 6f 75 62 |needed. | A..doub|
|00003150| 6c 65 2d 62 6c 69 6e 64 | 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 |le-blind| counter|
|00003160| 62 61 6c 61 6e 63 65 64 | 20 63 72 6f 73 73 6f 76 |balanced| crossov|
|00003170| 65 72 20 73 74 75 64 79 | 20 77 61 73 20 63 61 72 |er study| was car|
|00003180| 72 69 65 64 20 6f 75 74 | 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 |ried out| in whic|
|00003190| 68 20 32 31 0d 0a 65 70 | 69 6c 65 70 74 69 63 20 |h 21..ep|ileptic |
|000031a0| 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e | 20 77 65 72 65 20 67 69 |children| were gi|
|000031b0| 76 65 6e 20 70 68 65 6e | 6f 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 |ven phen|obarbita|
|000031c0| 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 76 61 | 6c 70 72 6f 69 63 20 61 |l and va|lproic a|
|000031d0| 63 69 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 36 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 |cid for |6 months|
|000031e0| 20 65 61 63 68 2e 0d 0a | 41 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 | each...|A compar|
|000031f0| 69 73 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 | 20 6d 61 64 65 20 6f 66 |ison was| made of|
|00003200| 20 63 6f 67 6e 69 74 69 | 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | cogniti|ve and b|
|00003210| 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 61 | 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |ehaviora|l functi|
|00003220| 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 |oning...| The|
|00003230| 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e | 6f 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 |re was n|o differ|
|00003240| 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 20 | 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 20 |ence in |seizure |
|00003250| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |control |between |
|00003260| 74 68 65 20 32 20 72 65 | 67 69 6d 65 6e 73 2e 0d |the 2 re|gimens..|
|00003270| 0a 43 68 69 6c 64 72 65 | 6e 20 77 68 6f 20 72 65 |.Childre|n who re|
|00003280| 63 65 69 76 65 64 20 70 | 68 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 |ceived p|henobarb|
|00003290| 69 74 61 6c 20 70 65 72 | 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 73 |ital per|formed s|
|000032a0| 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 | 6e 74 6c 79 20 77 6f 72 |ignifica|ntly wor|
|000032b0| 73 65 20 6f 6e 20 34 20 | 74 65 73 74 73 20 6f 66 |se on 4 |tests of|
|000032c0| 0d 0a 6e 65 75 72 6f 70 | 73 79 63 68 6f 6c 6f 67 |..neurop|sycholog|
|000032d0| 69 63 20 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 28 54 61 62 |ic funct|ion (Tab|
|000032e0| 6c 65 20 31 29 20 61 6e | 64 20 77 65 72 65 20 72 |le 1) an|d were r|
|000032f0| 61 74 65 64 20 73 69 67 | 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 |ated sig|nificant|
|00003300| 6c 79 20 77 6f 72 73 65 | 20 62 79 0d 0a 70 61 72 |ly worse| by..par|
|00003310| 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 | 33 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 |ents on |3 behavi|
|00003320| 6f 72 61 6c 20 69 74 65 | 6d 73 20 28 54 61 62 6c |oral ite|ms (Tabl|
|00003330| 65 20 32 29 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 73 65 20 63 68 69 |e 2). T|hese chi|
|00003340| 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 |ldren we|re also |
|00003350| 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | 65 64 0d 0a 73 69 67 6e |consider|ed..sign|
|00003360| 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 6c | 79 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 68 |ificantl|y more h|
|00003370| 79 70 65 72 61 63 74 69 | 76 65 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 |yperacti|ve... |
|00003380| 20 20 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 63 68 69 6c 64 | Althou|gh child|
|00003390| 72 65 6e 20 77 68 6f 20 | 74 61 6b 65 20 61 6e 74 |ren who |take ant|
|000033a0| 69 65 70 69 6c 65 70 74 | 69 63 20 64 72 75 67 73 |iepilept|ic drugs|
|000033b0| 20 6d 61 79 20 61 70 70 | 65 61 72 20 74 6f 20 62 | may app|ear to b|
|000033c0| 65 20 74 6f 6c 65 72 61 | 74 69 6e 67 0d 0a 6d 65 |e tolera|ting..me|
|000033d0| 64 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 73 75 62 74 6c 65 |dication|, subtle|
|000033e0| 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 | 20 69 6e 20 68 69 67 68 | changes| in high|
|000033f0| 65 72 20 63 6f 72 74 69 | 63 61 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 |er corti|cal func|
|00003400| 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 | 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f |tion and| behavio|
|00003410| 72 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | 0d 0a 6f 63 63 75 72 72 |r may be|..occurr|
|00003420| 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 4d 6f | 72 65 20 73 65 6e 73 69 |ing. Mo|re sensi|
|00003430| 74 69 76 65 20 6d 65 74 | 68 6f 64 73 20 6f 66 20 |tive met|hods of |
|00003440| 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 73 65 |monitori|ng these|
|00003450| 20 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 | 6e 20 61 72 65 20 6e 65 | childre|n are ne|
|00003460| 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 2e | 0d 0a 46 75 74 75 72 65 |cessary.|..Future|
|00003470| 20 73 74 75 64 69 65 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 71 | studies| are req|
|00003480| 75 69 72 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 |uired to| determi|
|00003490| 6e 65 20 77 68 61 74 20 | 73 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 |ne what |side eff|
|000034a0| 65 63 74 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 |ects are| associa|
|000034b0| 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 0d 0a 65 61 63 68 20 64 |ted with|..each d|
|000034c0| 72 75 67 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 70 61 74 69 65 |rug, whi|ch patie|
|000034d0| 6e 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 70 72 6f 6e 65 20 74 6f |nts are |prone to|
|000034e0| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 73 | 69 64 65 20 65 66 66 65 | these s|ide effe|
|000034f0| 63 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 |cts, and| whether|
|00003500| 20 74 68 65 73 65 0d 0a | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 | these..|effects |
|00003510| 61 72 65 20 72 65 76 65 | 72 73 69 62 6c 65 2e 0d |are reve|rsible..|
|00003520| 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d | 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d |...Post-|Comment.|
|00003530| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 44 72 2e 20 4a 61 6d 65 |... |Dr. Jame|
|00003540| 73 20 46 2e 20 53 63 68 | 77 61 72 74 7a 2c 20 50 |s F. Sch|wartz, P|
|00003550| 72 6f 66 65 73 73 6f 72 | 20 6f 66 20 50 65 64 69 |rofessor| of Pedi|
|00003560| 61 74 72 69 63 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 4e 65 75 72 6f |atrics a|nd Neuro|
|00003570| 6c 6f 67 79 2c 20 45 6d | 6f 72 79 0d 0a 55 6e 69 |logy, Em|ory..Uni|
|00003580| 76 65 72 73 69 74 79 20 | 53 63 68 6f 6f 6c 20 6f |versity |School o|
|00003590| 66 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 | 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 44 |f Medici|ne and D|
|000035a0| 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 2c | 20 44 69 76 69 73 69 6f |irector,| Divisio|
|000035b0| 6e 20 6f 66 20 50 65 64 | 69 61 74 72 69 63 20 4e |n of Ped|iatric N|
|000035c0| 65 75 72 6f 6c 6f 67 79 | 2c 20 54 68 65 0d 0a 52 |eurology|, The..R|
|000035d0| 6f 62 65 72 74 20 57 2e | 20 57 6f 6f 64 72 75 66 |obert W.| Woodruf|
|000035e0| 66 20 48 65 61 6c 74 68 | 20 53 63 69 65 6e 63 65 |f Health| Science|
|000035f0| 73 20 43 65 6e 74 65 72 | 2c 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 |s Center|, provid|
|00003600| 65 64 20 75 73 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 |ed us wi|th the f|
|00003610| 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 | 0d 0a 69 6e 73 69 67 68 |ollowing|..insigh|
|00003620| 74 66 75 6c 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 65 6e 74 61 72 79 3a |tful com|mentary:|
|00003630| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 |.... | Monitor|
|00003640| 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 74 69 | 63 6f 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 |ing anti|convulsa|
|00003650| 6e 74 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 79 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |nt thera|py inclu|
|00003660| 64 65 73 20 62 6f 74 68 | 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 |des both| determi|
|00003670| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 65 66 66 69 63 61 |nation o|f effica|
|00003680| 63 79 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 | 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 69 |cy..and |evaluati|
|00003690| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 66 |on of pa|tients f|
|000036a0| 6f 72 20 70 6f 73 73 69 | 62 6c 65 20 61 64 76 65 |or possi|ble adve|
|000036b0| 72 73 65 20 72 65 61 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 72 |rse reac|tions or|
|000036c0| 20 74 6f 78 69 63 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 66 | toxic e|ffects f|
|000036d0| 72 6f 6d 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e |rom..the| anticon|
|000036e0| 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 20 | 64 72 75 67 73 2e 20 20 |vulsant |drugs. |
|000036f0| 48 79 70 65 72 61 63 74 | 69 76 69 74 79 2c 20 64 |Hyperact|ivity, d|
|00003700| 69 73 6f 62 65 64 69 65 | 6e 63 65 2c 20 69 6e 61 |isobedie|nce, ina|
|00003710| 74 74 65 6e 74 69 76 65 | 6e 65 73 73 2c 20 61 6e |ttentive|ness, an|
|00003720| 64 0d 0a 69 72 72 69 74 | 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 |d..irrit|ability |
|00003730| 61 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |are some| of the |
|00003740| 61 64 76 65 72 73 65 20 | 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 |adverse |behavior|
|00003750| 61 6c 20 72 65 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 72 65 |al react|ions fre|
|00003760| 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 72 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 |quently |reported|
|00003770| 20 62 79 0d 0a 70 61 72 | 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | by..par|ents of |
|00003780| 79 6f 75 6e 67 20 63 68 | 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 74 |young ch|ildren t|
|00003790| 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 70 68 | 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 69 |aking ph|enobarbi|
|000037a0| 74 61 6c 20 64 65 73 70 | 69 74 65 20 70 68 65 6e |tal desp|ite phen|
|000037b0| 6f 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 | 6c 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 0d |obarbita|l blood.|
|000037c0| 0a 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 22 74 68 |.levels |in a "th|
|000037d0| 65 72 61 70 65 75 74 69 | 63 2c 22 20 6e 6f 6e 74 |erapeuti|c," nont|
|000037e0| 6f 78 69 63 20 72 61 6e | 67 65 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 |oxic ran|ge... |
|000037f0| 20 20 56 69 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 73 73 | Vining| and ass|
|00003800| 6f 63 69 61 74 65 73 20 | 6e 6f 77 20 72 65 70 6f |ociates |now repo|
|00003810| 72 74 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 | 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 62 |rt on a |double-b|
|00003820| 6c 69 6e 64 20 73 74 75 | 64 79 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |lind stu|dy, whic|
|00003830| 68 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 | 65 6c 79 0d 0a 65 78 63 |h purpos|ely..exc|
|00003840| 6c 75 64 65 64 20 61 6c | 6c 20 63 68 69 6c 64 72 |luded al|l childr|
|00003850| 65 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c |en with |clinical|
|00003860| 6c 79 20 6f 62 73 65 72 | 76 61 62 6c 65 20 72 65 |ly obser|vable re|
|00003870| 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 65 64 69 63 |actions |to medic|
|00003880| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 6d 6f 72 65 0d 0a 73 75 |ations, |more..su|
|00003890| 62 74 6c 65 20 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 73 20 69 6e 20 |btle cha|nges in |
|000038a0| 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 67 |behavior| and cog|
|000038b0| 6e 69 74 69 76 65 20 66 | 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |nitive f|unction |
|000038c0| 69 6e 20 73 63 68 6f 6f | 6c 2d 61 67 65 20 63 68 |in schoo|l-age ch|
|000038d0| 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 2c 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 0d 0a 6f 66 |ildren, |some..of|
|000038e0| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 72 65 70 6f | which w|ere repo|
|000038f0| 72 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 70 61 72 65 6e 74 73 2c |rted by |parents,|
|00003900| 20 62 75 74 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 64 65 | but wer|e not de|
|00003910| 74 65 63 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 62 79 20 70 68 79 73 |tectable| by phys|
|00003920| 69 63 69 61 6e 73 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 62 |icians o|n the..b|
|00003930| 61 73 69 73 20 6f 66 20 | 68 69 73 74 6f 72 79 2c |asis of |history,|
|00003940| 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 | 6c 2c 20 6f 72 20 72 6f | physica|l, or ro|
|00003950| 75 74 69 6e 65 20 6c 61 | 62 6f 72 61 74 6f 72 79 |utine la|boratory|
|00003960| 20 74 65 73 74 20 72 65 | 73 75 6c 74 73 2c 20 69 | test re|sults, i|
|00003970| 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 | 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 0d 0a |ncluding| blood..|
|00003980| 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 79 20 70 6f |levels. | They po|
|00003990| 69 6e 74 20 6f 75 74 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 63 68 69 |int out |that chi|
|000039a0| 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 77 68 | 6f 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 |ldren wh|o appear|
|000039b0| 20 74 6f 20 74 6f 6c 65 | 72 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 | to tole|rate the|
|000039c0| 20 6d 65 64 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 0d 0a 70 68 | medicat|ion,..ph|
|000039d0| 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 69 | 74 61 6c 2c 20 77 69 74 |enobarbi|tal, wit|
|000039e0| 68 6f 75 74 20 63 6c 69 | 6e 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 |hout cli|nically |
|000039f0| 61 70 70 61 72 65 6e 74 | 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |apparent| problem|
|00003a00| 73 20 6d 61 79 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 |s may ha|ve signi|
|00003a10| 66 69 63 61 6e 74 20 63 | 68 61 6e 67 65 73 0d 0a |ficant c|hanges..|
|00003a20| 69 6e 20 62 65 68 61 76 | 69 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 20 |in behav|ior and |
|00003a30| 63 6f 67 6e 69 74 69 76 | 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |cognitiv|e functi|
|00003a40| 6f 6e 20 64 6f 63 75 6d | 65 6e 74 65 64 20 62 79 |on docum|ented by|
|00003a50| 20 6e 65 75 72 6f 70 68 | 79 73 69 6f 6c 6f 67 69 | neuroph|ysiologi|
|00003a60| 63 20 74 65 73 74 69 6e | 67 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |c testin|g... |
|00003a70| 20 57 68 65 6e 20 61 20 | 74 65 61 63 68 65 72 20 | When a |teacher |
|00003a80| 6f 72 20 70 61 72 65 6e | 74 20 73 61 79 73 20 61 |or paren|t says a|
|00003a90| 20 63 68 69 6c 64 20 74 | 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 70 68 | child t|aking ph|
|00003aa0| 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 69 | 74 61 6c 20 69 73 6e 27 |enobarbi|tal isn'|
|00003ab0| 74 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 20 | 77 65 6c 6c 0d 0a 69 6e |t doing |well..in|
|00003ac0| 20 73 63 68 6f 6f 6c 20 | 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 | school |but the |
|00003ad0| 63 68 69 6c 64 20 61 70 | 70 65 61 72 73 20 70 6c |child ap|pears pl|
|00003ae0| 65 61 73 61 6e 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 6c 65 72 74 |easant a|nd alert|
|00003af0| 2c 20 73 69 74 73 20 71 | 75 69 65 74 6c 79 20 69 |, sits q|uietly i|
|00003b00| 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 70 | 65 64 69 61 74 72 69 63 |n the..p|ediatric|
|00003b10| 69 61 6e 27 73 20 6f 66 | 66 69 63 65 20 61 6e 64 |ian's of|fice and|
|00003b20| 20 73 65 65 6d 73 20 72 | 65 61 73 6f 6e 61 62 6c | seems r|easonabl|
|00003b30| 79 20 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c | 69 67 65 6e 74 2c 20 70 |y intell|igent, p|
|00003b40| 65 72 68 61 70 73 20 61 | 20 70 73 79 63 68 6f 6c |erhaps a| psychol|
|00003b50| 6f 67 69 63 0d 0a 74 65 | 73 74 20 62 61 74 74 65 |ogic..te|st batte|
|00003b60| 72 79 20 69 73 20 6e 65 | 65 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ry is ne|eded to |
|00003b70| 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d 20 | 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 |confirm |problems|
|00003b80| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 61 72 65 6e 74 | that th|e parent|
|00003b90| 20 69 73 20 6d 65 6e 74 | 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 0d | is ment|ioning..|
|00003ba0| 0a 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 | 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 74 |.However|, such t|
|00003bb0| 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 69 | 73 20 74 6f 6f 20 63 75 |esting i|s too cu|
|00003bc0| 6d 62 65 72 73 6f 6d 65 | 2c 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 |mbersome|, length|
|00003bd0| 79 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 | 6f 20 6d 65 6e 74 69 6f |y, not t|o mentio|
|00003be0| 6e 20 65 78 70 65 6e 73 | 69 76 65 2c 20 74 6f 0d |n expens|ive, to.|
|00003bf0| 0a 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 |.become |part of |
|00003c00| 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 | 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 |routine |monitori|
|00003c10| 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 63 68 | 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 72 |ng of ch|ildren r|
|00003c20| 65 63 65 69 76 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e |eceiving| anticon|
|00003c30| 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 0d | 0a 6d 65 64 69 63 61 74 |vulsant.|.medicat|
|00003c40| 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 |ion. Th|e author|
|00003c50| 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 75 | 73 20 77 6f 6e 64 65 72 |s make u|s wonder|
|00003c60| 20 68 6f 77 20 67 6f 6f | 64 20 69 73 20 6f 75 72 | how goo|d is our|
|00003c70| 20 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 | 6c 20 6a 75 64 67 6d 65 | clinica|l judgme|
|00003c80| 6e 74 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 |nt... | What a|
|00003c90| 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 |re the a|lternati|
|00003ca0| 76 65 73 20 74 6f 20 70 | 68 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 |ves to p|henobarb|
|00003cb0| 69 74 61 6c 3f 20 20 49 | 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 |ital? I|n this a|
|00003cc0| 72 74 69 63 6c 65 2c 20 | 70 68 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 |rticle, |phenobar|
|00003cd0| 62 69 74 61 6c 0d 0a 69 | 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 |bital..i|s compar|
|00003ce0| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 76 61 6c 70 72 6f 69 63 |ed with |valproic|
|00003cf0| 20 61 63 69 64 2c 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 61 70 70 | acid, w|hich app|
|00003d00| 65 61 72 73 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 65 71 75 61 6c |ears to |be equal|
|00003d10| 6c 79 20 65 66 66 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 69 6e 0d |ly effec|tive in.|
|00003d20| 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 65 69 |.control|ling sei|
|00003d30| 7a 75 72 65 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 68 61 73 20 6e 6f |zures an|d has no|
|00003d40| 20 61 64 76 65 72 73 65 | 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 | adverse| effects|
|00003d50| 20 6f 6e 20 62 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 20 6f 72 20 | on beha|vior or |
|00003d60| 6c 65 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 6e 0d 0a 6e 65 75 |learning| on..neu|
|00003d70| 72 6f 70 73 79 63 68 6f | 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 |ropsycho|logical |
|00003d80| 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 2e | 20 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 |testing.| Howeve|
|00003d90| 72 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 76 61 6c 70 72 6f 61 74 |r, with |valproat|
|00003da0| 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 61 20 70 6f 73 |e there |is a pos|
|00003db0| 73 69 62 69 6c 69 74 79 | 20 6f 66 0d 0a 68 65 70 |sibility| of..hep|
|00003dc0| 61 74 69 63 20 74 6f 78 | 69 63 69 74 79 2c 20 77 |atic tox|icity, w|
|00003dd0| 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 6d 61 6e 69 |hich may| be mani|
|00003de0| 66 65 73 74 65 64 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 62 79 20 64 |fested o|nly by d|
|00003df0| 6f 73 65 2d 72 65 6c 61 | 74 65 64 20 65 6c 65 76 |ose-rela|ted elev|
|00003e00| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 66 0d 0a 6c 69 76 65 72 |ations o|f..liver|
|00003e10| 20 65 6e 7a 79 6d 65 73 | 20 69 6e 20 75 70 20 74 | enzymes| in up t|
|00003e20| 6f 20 34 34 25 20 6f 66 | 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 |o 44% of| patient|
|00003e30| 73 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 6f | 75 67 68 20 77 69 74 68 |s, altho|ugh with|
|00003e40| 6f 75 74 20 63 6c 69 6e | 69 63 61 6c 20 73 79 6d |out clin|ical sym|
|00003e50| 70 74 6f 6d 73 2e 0d 0a | 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c |ptoms...|However,|
|00003e60| 20 75 6e 70 72 65 64 69 | 63 74 61 62 6c 65 20 61 | unpredi|ctable a|
|00003e70| 6e 64 20 65 76 65 6e 20 | 66 61 74 61 6c 20 68 65 |nd even |fatal he|
|00003e80| 70 61 74 69 63 20 74 6f | 78 69 63 69 74 79 20 6d |patic to|xicity m|
|00003e90| 61 79 20 6f 63 63 75 72 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 76 61 |ay occur| with va|
|00003ea0| 6c 70 72 6f 61 74 65 0d | 0a 74 68 65 72 61 70 79 |lproate.|.therapy|
|00003eb0| 2c 20 75 6e 72 65 6c 61 | 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 |, unrela|ted to d|
|00003ec0| 6f 73 61 67 65 20 6f 72 | 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 6c |osage or| blood l|
|00003ed0| 65 76 65 6c 3b 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 69 73 20 66 6f |evel; th|is is fo|
|00003ee0| 72 74 75 6e 61 74 65 6c | 79 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 |rtunatel|y a very|
|00003ef0| 20 72 61 72 65 20 62 75 | 74 0d 0a 6e 6f 6e 65 74 | rare bu|t..nonet|
|00003f00| 68 65 6c 65 73 73 20 66 | 72 69 67 68 74 65 6e 69 |heless f|righteni|
|00003f10| 6e 67 20 70 6f 73 73 69 | 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 61 |ng possi|bility a|
|00003f20| 6c 6c 20 70 61 72 65 6e | 74 73 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 |ll paren|ts know |
|00003f30| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 69 72 |about fr|om their|
|00003f40| 20 68 6f 6d 65 20 63 6f | 70 79 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 | home co|py..of t|
|00003f50| 68 65 20 50 44 52 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |he PDR..|. Th|
|00003f60| 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 73 65 72 69 6f 75 73 20 |is very |serious |
|00003f70| 68 65 70 61 74 69 63 20 | 74 6f 78 69 63 69 74 79 |hepatic |toxicity|
|00003f80| 20 73 65 65 6d 73 20 70 | 72 69 6d 61 72 69 6c 79 | seems p|rimarily|
|00003f90| 20 74 6f 20 61 66 66 65 | 63 74 20 63 68 69 6c 64 | to affe|ct child|
|00003fa0| 72 65 6e 0d 0a 79 6f 75 | 6e 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 |ren..you|nger tha|
|00003fb0| 6e 20 32 20 79 65 61 72 | 73 20 77 68 6f 20 61 72 |n 2 year|s who ar|
|00003fc0| 65 20 6e 65 75 72 6f 6c | 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 |e neurol|ogically|
|00003fd0| 20 69 6d 70 61 69 72 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 61 64 64 | impaire|d in add|
|00003fe0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 69 72 0d 0a |ition to| their..|
|00003ff0| 73 65 69 7a 75 72 65 20 | 64 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 |seizure |disorder|
|00004000| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 | 65 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 |s and ar|e receiv|
|00004010| 69 6e 67 20 76 61 6c 70 | 72 6f 61 74 65 20 61 73 |ing valp|roate as|
|00004020| 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e | part of| anticon|
|00004030| 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 0d | 0a 70 6f 6c 79 70 68 61 |vulsant.|.polypha|
|00004040| 72 6d 61 63 79 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 72 69 73 6b |rmacy. |The risk|
|00004050| 20 6f 66 20 73 65 72 69 | 6f 75 73 20 6c 69 76 65 | of seri|ous live|
|00004060| 72 20 74 6f 78 69 63 69 | 74 79 20 69 6e 20 63 68 |r toxici|ty in ch|
|00004070| 69 6c 64 72 65 6e 20 6f | 6c 64 65 72 20 74 68 61 |ildren o|lder tha|
|00004080| 6e 20 32 20 79 65 61 72 | 73 0d 0a 77 68 6f 20 61 |n 2 year|s..who a|
|00004090| 72 65 20 74 61 6b 69 6e | 67 20 76 61 6c 70 72 6f |re takin|g valpro|
|000040a0| 61 74 65 20 61 73 20 6d | 6f 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 61 |ate as m|onothera|
|000040b0| 70 79 20 69 73 20 61 70 | 70 72 6f 78 69 6d 61 74 |py is ap|proximat|
|000040c0| 65 6c 79 20 31 3a 34 35 | 2c 30 30 30 20 5b 31 5d |ely 1:45|,000 [1]|
|000040d0| 2e 20 20 49 73 0d 0a 76 | 61 6c 70 72 6f 61 74 65 |. Is..v|alproate|
|000040e0| 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 74 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 |, with i|ts very |
|000040f0| 6c 6f 77 20 62 75 74 20 | 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 69 61 |low but |potentia|
|00004100| 6c 6c 79 20 76 65 72 79 | 20 73 65 72 69 6f 75 73 |lly very| serious|
|00004110| 20 74 6f 78 69 63 69 74 | 79 2c 20 61 20 72 65 61 | toxicit|y, a rea|
|00004120| 73 6f 6e 61 62 6c 65 0d | 0a 66 69 72 73 74 2d 6c |sonable.|.first-l|
|00004130| 69 6e 65 20 61 6c 74 65 | 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 |ine alte|rnative |
|00004140| 66 6f 72 20 70 68 65 6e | 6f 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 |for phen|obarbita|
|00004150| 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 | 74 73 20 70 6f 74 65 6e |l with i|ts poten|
|00004160| 74 69 61 6c 20 74 6f 78 | 69 63 69 74 79 3f 0d 0a |tial tox|icity?..|
|00004170| 20 20 20 20 20 41 6e 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 61 6c 74 | Ano|ther alt|
|00004180| 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 | 20 74 6f 20 70 68 65 6e |ernative| to phen|
|00004190| 6f 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 | 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 76 61 |obarbita|l and va|
|000041a0| 6c 70 72 6f 61 74 65 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 72 |lproate,| and per|
|000041b0| 68 61 70 73 20 65 71 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 0d 0a 65 66 |haps equ|ally..ef|
|000041c0| 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 67 65 6e 65 |fective |for gene|
|000041d0| 72 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 | 6f 72 20 70 61 72 74 69 |ralized |or parti|
|000041e0| 61 6c 20 73 65 69 7a 75 | 72 65 73 2c 20 69 73 20 |al seizu|res, is |
|000041f0| 63 61 72 62 61 6d 61 7a | 65 70 69 6e 65 2e 20 20 |carbamaz|epine. |
|00004200| 54 68 69 73 20 64 72 75 | 67 20 6d 61 79 0d 0a 72 |This dru|g may..r|
|00004210| 61 72 65 6c 79 20 70 72 | 6f 64 75 63 65 20 69 72 |arely pr|oduce ir|
|00004220| 72 69 74 61 62 69 6c 69 | 74 79 20 6f 72 20 64 72 |ritabili|ty or dr|
|00004230| 6f 77 73 69 6e 65 73 73 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 |owsiness|, but th|
|00004240| 65 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 | 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c |ese are |clinical|
|00004250| 6c 79 20 72 65 63 6f 67 | 6e 69 7a 61 62 6c 65 0d |ly recog|nizable.|
|00004260| 0a 73 69 64 65 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 61 6e |.side ef|fects an|
|00004270| 64 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 64 |d appear| to be d|
|00004280| 6f 73 65 20 72 65 6c 61 | 74 65 64 2e 20 20 53 6f |ose rela|ted. So|
|00004290| 6d 65 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 73 6c 69 67 68 74 20 69 |me very |slight i|
|000042a0| 6d 70 61 69 72 6d 65 6e | 74 20 6f 6e 20 74 61 73 |mpairmen|t on tas|
|000042b0| 6b 0d 0a 70 65 72 66 6f | 72 6d 61 6e 63 65 20 68 |k..perfo|rmance h|
|000042c0| 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 69 6e |as been |noted in|
|000042d0| 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 | a few p|atients |
|000042e0| 74 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 63 | 61 72 62 61 6d 61 7a 65 |taking c|arbamaze|
|000042f0| 70 69 6e 65 2e 20 20 44 | 69 6c 61 6e 74 69 6e 20 |pine. D|ilantin |
|00004300| 6d 61 79 0d 0a 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 61 64 76 65 72 73 |may..als|o advers|
|00004310| 65 6c 79 20 61 66 66 65 | 63 74 20 6c 65 61 72 6e |ely affe|ct learn|
|00004320| 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 66 66 65 63 74 2c 20 |ing and |affect, |
|00004330| 63 61 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 |causing |depressi|
|00004340| 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 64 | 65 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 |on and d|ecreased|
|00004350| 0d 0a 61 6c 65 72 74 6e | 65 73 73 2c 20 77 68 69 |..alertn|ess, whi|
|00004360| 63 68 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 63 6c 65 61 72 6c |ch is no|t clearl|
|00004370| 79 20 65 73 74 61 62 6c | 69 73 68 65 64 20 61 73 |y establ|ished as|
|00004380| 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 | 6f 73 65 20 72 65 6c 61 | being d|ose rela|
|00004390| 74 65 64 2e 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 53 65 72 75 6d |ted... | Serum|
|000043a0| 20 64 72 75 67 20 6c 65 | 76 65 6c 73 20 61 72 65 | drug le|vels are|
|000043b0| 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 65 | 64 69 63 74 69 76 65 20 | not pre|dictive |
|000043c0| 6f 66 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 |of which| patient|
|000043d0| 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 61 64 76 65 |s will h|ave adve|
|000043e0| 72 73 65 0d 0a 6e 65 75 | 72 6f 70 73 79 63 68 6f |rse..neu|ropsycho|
|000043f0| 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 |logical |effects |
|00004400| 77 68 69 63 68 20 56 69 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 |which Vi|ning and|
|00004410| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 73 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 66 6f 75 | others |have fou|
|00004420| 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 22 74 68 65 72 61 70 65 |nd with |"therape|
|00004430| 75 74 69 63 0d 0a 6c 65 | 76 65 6c 73 22 20 6f 66 |utic..le|vels" of|
|00004440| 20 64 72 75 67 73 20 69 | 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 | drugs i|ncluding|
|00004450| 20 70 68 65 6e 6f 62 61 | 72 62 69 74 61 6c 2e 20 | phenoba|rbital. |
|00004460| 20 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6e | 79 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f | When an|y antico|
|00004470| 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 | 20 64 72 75 67 20 69 73 |nvulsant| drug is|
|00004480| 0d 0a 70 72 65 73 63 72 | 69 62 65 64 2c 20 74 68 |..prescr|ibed, th|
|00004490| 65 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 | 69 61 6c 20 73 69 64 65 |e potent|ial side|
|000044a0| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 | effects| must be|
|000044b0| 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 | 72 65 64 3b 20 69 66 20 | conside|red; if |
|000044c0| 61 6e 79 20 62 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 61 6c 20 6f |any beha|vioral o|
|000044d0| 72 0d 0a 63 6f 67 6e 69 | 74 69 76 65 20 63 68 61 |r..cogni|tive cha|
|000044e0| 6e 67 65 73 20 6f 63 63 | 75 72 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |nges occ|ur, the |
|000044f0| 64 72 75 67 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 61 74 20 66 |drug may| be at f|
|00004500| 61 75 6c 74 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 6e 20 61 6c 74 65 |ault and| an alte|
|00004510| 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |rnative |should b|
|00004520| 65 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 64 65 72 65 64 2e 20 20 |e..consi|dered. |
|00004530| 41 6e 79 20 69 6d 70 61 | 69 72 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 |Any impa|irment i|
|00004540| 6e 20 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c | 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |n mental| functio|
|00004550| 6e 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 |ning is |a very s|
|00004560| 65 72 69 6f 75 73 20 68 | 61 6e 64 69 63 61 70 20 |erious h|andicap |
|00004570| 66 6f 72 0d 0a 61 6e 79 | 20 63 68 69 6c 64 20 61 |for..any| child a|
|00004580| 6e 64 20 70 61 72 74 69 | 63 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 20 |nd parti|cularly |
|00004590| 61 20 63 68 69 6c 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 65 70 69 |a child |with epi|
|000045a0| 6c 65 70 73 79 2e 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 4e 6f 20 |lepsy...| No |
|000045b0| 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 63 | 61 6e 20 70 68 65 6e 6f |longer c|an pheno|
|000045c0| 62 61 72 62 69 74 61 6c | 20 62 65 20 72 65 63 6f |barbital| be reco|
|000045d0| 6d 6d 65 6e 64 65 64 20 | 61 73 20 61 20 73 61 66 |mmended |as a saf|
|000045e0| 65 20 69 6e 6f 63 75 6f | 75 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 |e inocuo|us first|
|000045f0| 2d 6c 69 6e 65 0d 0a 61 | 6e 74 69 63 6f 6e 76 75 |-line..a|nticonvu|
|00004600| 6c 73 61 6e 74 2e 20 20 | 43 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e |lsant. |Children|
|00004610| 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 68 | treated| with ph|
|00004620| 65 6e 6f 62 61 72 62 69 | 74 61 6c 20 6d 61 79 20 |enobarbi|tal may |
|00004630| 61 6c 73 6f 20 6e 65 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 0d |also nee|d to be.|
|00004640| 0a 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 | 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 73 |.monitor|ed for s|
|00004650| 69 67 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 | 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 |igns of |depressi|
|00004660| 76 65 20 69 6c 6c 6e 65 | 73 73 2c 20 61 73 20 69 |ve illne|ss, as i|
|00004670| 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 42 72 65 6e |ndicated| by Bren|
|00004680| 74 20 65 74 20 61 6c 2e | 20 5b 32 5d 2e 0d 0a 4e |t et al.| [2]...N|
|00004690| 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 62 | 6c 6f 6f 64 20 6c 65 76 |either b|lood lev|
|000046a0| 65 6c 73 20 6e 6f 72 20 | 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c |els nor |clinical|
|000046b0| 20 6a 75 64 67 6d 65 6e | 74 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | judgmen|t may be|
|000046c0| 20 73 75 66 66 69 63 69 | 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 64 | suffici|ent in d|
|000046d0| 65 74 65 63 74 69 6e 67 | 20 73 69 64 65 0d 0a 65 |etecting| side..e|
|000046e0| 66 66 65 63 74 73 2e 20 | 20 49 61 74 72 6f 67 65 |ffects. | Iatroge|
|000046f0| 6e 69 63 20 64 69 73 65 | 61 73 65 20 6e 65 65 64 |nic dise|ase need|
|00004700| 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a |s to be |recogniz|
|00004710| 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 20 | 70 72 69 63 65 20 77 65 |ed as a |price we|
|00004720| 20 6d 75 73 74 20 70 61 | 79 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 61 | must pa|y for..a|
|00004730| 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 6e | 79 20 61 6e 74 69 63 6f |lmost an|y antico|
|00004740| 6e 76 75 6c 73 61 6e 74 | 20 64 72 75 67 2e 2d 2d |nvulsant| drug.--|
|00004750| 4a 2e 46 2e 20 53 63 68 | 77 61 72 74 7a 2c 20 4d |J.F. Sch|wartz, M|
|00004760| 2e 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e | 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b |.D...$Un|ique_ID{|
|00004770| 59 52 42 30 37 36 30 33 | 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c |YRB07603|}..$Titl|
|00004780| 65 7b 4d 75 6c 74 69 70 | 6c 65 20 53 63 6c 65 72 |e{Multip|le Scler|
|00004790| 6f 73 69 73 20 69 6e 20 | 43 68 69 6c 64 68 6f 6f |osis in |Childhoo|
|000047a0| 64 3a 20 20 43 6c 69 6e | 69 63 61 6c 20 50 72 6f |d: Clin|ical Pro|
|000047b0| 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | 31 32 35 20 50 61 74 69 |file in |125 Pati|
|000047c0| 65 6e 74 73 7d 0d 0a 24 | 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d |ents}..$|Author{.|
|000047d0| 0a 44 75 71 75 65 74 74 | 65 2c 20 50 0d 0a 4d 75 |.Duquett|e, P..Mu|
|000047e0| 72 72 61 79 2c 20 54 4a | 0d 0a 50 6c 65 69 6e 65 |rray, TJ|..Pleine|
|000047f0| 73 2c 20 4a 0d 0a 45 62 | 65 72 73 2c 20 47 43 0d |s, J..Eb|ers, GC.|
|00004800| 0a 53 61 64 6f 76 6e 69 | 63 6b 2c 20 44 0d 0a 57 |.Sadovni|ck, D..W|
|00004810| 65 6c 64 6f 6e 2c 20 50 | 0d 0a 57 61 72 72 65 6e |eldon, P|..Warren|
|00004820| 2c 20 53 0d 0a 50 61 74 | 79 2c 20 44 57 0d 0a 55 |, S..Pat|y, DW..U|
|00004830| 70 74 6f 6e 2c 20 41 0d | 0a 48 61 64 65 72 2c 20 |pton, A.|.Hader, |
|00004840| 57 0d 0a 4e 65 6c 73 6f | 6e 2c 20 52 0d 0a 41 75 |W..Nelso|n, R..Au|
|00004850| 74 79 2c 20 41 0d 0a 4e | 65 75 66 65 6c 64 2c 20 |ty, A..N|eufeld, |
|00004860| 42 0d 0a 4d 65 6c 74 7a | 65 72 2c 20 43 7d 0d 0a |B..Meltz|er, C}..|
|00004870| 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 7b 4d 6f 6e |$Affilia|tion{Mon|
|00004880| 74 72 65 61 6c 2c 20 51 | 75 65 62 65 63 2c 20 61 |treal, Q|uebec, a|
|00004890| 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 43 61 6e 61 64 69 61 |nd other| Canadia|
|000048a0| 6e 20 63 69 74 69 65 73 | 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 62 6a |n cities|}..$Subj|
|000048b0| 65 63 74 7b 53 63 6c 65 | 72 6f 73 69 73 20 6d 75 |ect{Scle|rosis mu|
|000048c0| 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 2c 20 | 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c |ltiple, |clinical|
|000048d0| 20 70 72 6f 66 69 6c 65 | 3b 0d 0a 4d 75 6c 74 69 | profile|;..Multi|
|000048e0| 70 6c 65 20 73 63 6c 65 | 72 6f 73 69 73 20 63 6c |ple scle|rosis cl|
|000048f0| 69 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 70 | 72 6f 66 69 6c 65 7d 0d |inical p|rofile}.|
|00004900| 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 | 6c 7b 4a 20 50 65 64 69 |.$Journa|l{J Pedi|
|00004910| 61 74 72 7d 0d 0a 24 56 | 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 31 31 |atr}..$V|olume{11|
|00004920| 31 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 | 65 7b 33 35 39 2d 33 36 |1}..$Pag|e{359-36|
|00004930| 33 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 | 65 7b 53 65 70 74 65 6d |3}..$Dat|e{Septem|
|00004940| 62 65 72 20 31 39 38 37 | 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f |ber 1987|}..$YBVo|
|00004950| 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |l{1989 Y|ear Book|
|00004960| 20 6f 66 20 50 65 64 69 | 61 74 72 69 63 73 7d 0d | of Pedi|atrics}.|
|00004970| 0a 24 43 68 61 70 74 65 | 72 7b 36 2d 39 7d 0d 0a |.$Chapte|r{6-9}..|
|00004980| 24 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f | 72 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 4f |$YBEdito|r{Drs. O|
|00004990| 73 6b 69 20 61 6e 64 20 | 53 74 6f 63 6b 6d 61 6e |ski and |Stockman|
|000049a0| 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c | 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f |}..$Tabl|e{}..$Co|
|000049b0| 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f | 72 7b 46 2e 41 2e 20 4f |mmentato|r{F.A. O|
|000049c0| 73 6b 69 2c 20 4d 2e 44 | 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f |ski, M.D|.}....Co|
|000049d0| 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 | 28 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 |pyright |(c) Year|
|000049e0| 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 | 64 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 | Book Me|dical Pu|
|000049f0| 62 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 | 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 |blishers|, Inc., |
|00004a00| 31 39 38 39 0d 0a 0d 0a | 31 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 |1989....|1989 Yea|
|00004a10| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 50 65 64 69 61 74 |r Book o|f Pediat|
|00004a20| 72 69 63 73 20 28 52 29 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 |rics (R)|....Chap|
|00004a30| 74 65 72 20 36 2d 2d 4e | 65 75 72 6f 6c 6f 67 79 |ter 6--N|eurology|
|00004a40| 20 61 6e 64 20 50 73 79 | 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 0d | and Psy|chiatry.|
|00004a50| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |...-----|--------|
|00004a60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004a70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004a80| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004a90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004aa0| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 4d 75 6c | 74 69 70 6c 65 20 53 63 |---..Mul|tiple Sc|
|00004ab0| 6c 65 72 6f 73 69 73 20 | 69 6e 20 43 68 69 6c 64 |lerosis |in Child|
|00004ac0| 68 6f 6f 64 3a 20 20 43 | 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 |hood: C|linical |
|00004ad0| 50 72 6f 66 69 6c 65 20 | 69 6e 20 31 32 35 20 50 |Profile |in 125 P|
|00004ae0| 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 0d | 0a 0d 0a 44 75 71 75 65 |atients.|...Duque|
|00004af0| 74 74 65 20 50 2c 20 4d | 75 72 72 61 79 20 54 4a |tte P, M|urray TJ|
|00004b00| 2c 20 50 6c 65 69 6e 65 | 73 20 4a 2c 20 45 62 65 |, Pleine|s J, Ebe|
|00004b10| 72 73 20 47 43 2c 20 53 | 61 64 6f 76 6e 69 63 6b |rs GC, S|adovnick|
|00004b20| 20 44 2c 20 57 65 6c 64 | 6f 6e 20 50 2c 20 57 61 | D, Weld|on P, Wa|
|00004b30| 72 72 65 6e 20 53 2c 0d | 0a 50 61 74 79 20 44 57 |rren S,.|.Paty DW|
|00004b40| 2c 20 55 70 74 6f 6e 20 | 41 2c 20 48 61 64 65 72 |, Upton |A, Hader|
|00004b50| 20 57 2c 20 4e 65 6c 73 | 6f 6e 20 52 2c 20 41 75 | W, Nels|on R, Au|
|00004b60| 74 79 20 41 2c 20 4e 65 | 75 66 65 6c 64 20 42 2c |ty A, Ne|ufeld B,|
|00004b70| 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 | 20 43 0d 0a 28 4d 6f 6e | Meltzer| C..(Mon|
|00004b80| 74 72 65 61 6c 2c 20 51 | 75 65 62 65 63 2c 20 61 |treal, Q|uebec, a|
|00004b90| 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 43 61 6e 61 64 69 61 |nd other| Canadia|
|00004ba0| 6e 20 63 69 74 69 65 73 | 29 0d 0a 4a 20 50 65 64 |n cities|)..J Ped|
|00004bb0| 69 61 74 72 20 31 31 31 | 3a 33 35 39 2d 33 36 33 |iatr 111|:359-363|
|00004bc0| 2c 20 53 65 70 74 65 6d | 62 65 72 20 31 39 38 37 |, Septem|ber 1987|
|00004bd0| 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |..------|--------|
|00004be0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004bf0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c10| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c20| 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 62 | 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d 0a |--....Ab|stract..|
|00004c30| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 41 | 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 |.. A|lthough |
|00004c40| 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 73 65 | 74 20 6f 66 20 6d 75 6c |the onse|t of mul|
|00004c50| 74 69 70 6c 65 20 73 63 | 6c 65 72 6f 73 69 73 20 |tiple sc|lerosis |
|00004c60| 28 4d 53 29 20 75 73 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 6f 63 63 |(MS) usu|ally occ|
|00004c70| 75 72 73 20 69 6e 20 65 | 61 72 6c 79 0d 0a 61 64 |urs in e|arly..ad|
|00004c80| 75 6c 74 68 6f 6f 64 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 65 |ulthood,| the age|
|00004c90| 20 61 74 20 6f 6e 73 65 | 74 20 63 61 6e 20 76 61 | at onse|t can va|
|00004ca0| 72 79 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 | 64 65 72 61 62 6c 79 2e |ry consi|derably.|
|00004cb0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 69 6d | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | The im|plicatio|
|00004cc0| 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 61 67 | 65 20 61 74 0d 0a 6f 6e |ns of ag|e at..on|
|00004cd0| 73 65 74 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6c 69 6e 69 |set on t|he clini|
|00004ce0| 63 61 6c 20 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |cal pres|entation|
|00004cf0| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 75 | 72 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | and cou|rse of t|
|00004d00| 68 65 20 64 69 73 65 61 | 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 6e |he disea|se are n|
|00004d10| 6f 74 20 77 65 6c 6c 0d | 0a 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 |ot well.|.underst|
|00004d20| 6f 6f 64 2e 20 20 54 68 | 75 73 2c 20 61 20 70 6f |ood. Th|us, a po|
|00004d30| 70 75 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2d 62 61 73 65 64 20 72 |pulation|-based r|
|00004d40| 65 74 72 6f 73 70 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 73 74 75 |etrospec|tive stu|
|00004d50| 64 79 20 77 61 73 20 64 | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 31 |dy was d|one of 1|
|00004d60| 32 35 0d 0a 70 61 74 69 | 65 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 20 |25..pati|ents in |
|00004d70| 77 68 6f 6d 20 6f 6e 73 | 65 74 20 6f 66 20 4d 53 |whom ons|et of MS|
|00004d80| 20 6f 63 63 75 72 72 65 | 64 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 | occurre|d before|
|00004d90| 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 65 | 20 6f 66 20 31 36 20 79 | the age| of 16 y|
|00004da0| 65 61 72 73 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 4e 69 6e 65 |ears... | Nine|
|00004db0| 20 43 61 6e 61 64 69 61 | 6e 20 4d 53 20 63 6c 69 | Canadia|n MS cli|
|00004dc0| 6e 69 63 73 20 63 6f 6d | 70 6c 65 74 65 64 20 71 |nics com|pleted q|
|00004dd0| 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 6e | 61 69 72 65 73 20 6f 6e |uestionn|aires on|
|00004de0| 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 | 20 61 73 70 65 63 74 73 | various| aspects|
|00004df0| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 70 61 74 69 65 | of..the|ir patie|
|00004e00| 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 4f 66 | 20 34 2c 36 33 32 20 4d |nts. Of| 4,632 M|
|00004e10| 53 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e | 74 73 2d 2d 61 62 6f 75 |S patien|ts--abou|
|00004e20| 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 66 6f | 75 72 74 68 20 6f 66 20 |t one fo|urth of |
|00004e30| 74 68 65 20 65 73 74 69 | 6d 61 74 65 64 20 74 6f |the esti|mated to|
|00004e40| 74 61 6c 0d 0a 43 61 6e | 61 64 69 61 6e 20 4d 53 |tal..Can|adian MS|
|00004e50| 20 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2d 2d 31 32 35 | populat|ion--125|
|00004e60| 20 28 32 2e 37 25 29 20 | 68 61 64 20 69 6e 69 74 | (2.7%) |had init|
|00004e70| 69 61 6c 20 6d 61 6e 69 | 66 65 73 74 61 74 69 6f |ial mani|festatio|
|00004e80| 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 69 73 65 61 73 |ns of th|e diseas|
|00004e90| 65 0d 0a 62 65 66 6f 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 |e..befor|e the ag|
|00004ea0| 65 20 6f 66 20 31 36 20 | 79 65 61 72 73 2e 20 20 |e of 16 |years. |
|00004eb0| 54 68 65 20 65 61 72 6c | 69 65 73 74 20 61 67 65 |The earl|iest age|
|00004ec0| 20 6f 66 20 6f 6e 73 65 | 74 20 69 6e 20 61 20 62 | of onse|t in a b|
|00004ed0| 6f 79 20 77 61 73 20 35 | 20 79 65 61 72 73 3b 20 |oy was 5| years; |
|00004ee0| 69 6e 0d 0a 61 20 67 69 | 72 6c 2c 20 69 74 20 77 |in..a gi|rl, it w|
|00004ef0| 61 73 20 37 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |as 7 yea|rs. The|
|00004f00| 20 61 76 65 72 61 67 65 | 20 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 | average| age of |
|00004f10| 6f 6e 73 65 74 20 77 61 | 73 20 31 33 20 79 65 61 |onset wa|s 13 yea|
|00004f20| 72 73 2e 20 20 4f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 61 74 69 |rs. Of |the pati|
|00004f30| 65 6e 74 73 0d 0a 77 69 | 74 68 20 6f 6e 73 65 74 |ents..wi|th onset|
|00004f40| 20 69 6e 20 63 68 69 6c | 64 68 6f 6f 64 2c 20 37 | in chil|dhood, 7|
|00004f50| 35 2e 32 25 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 |5.2% wer|e female|
|00004f60| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 32 34 | 2e 38 25 20 77 65 72 65 |, and 24|.8% were|
|00004f70| 20 6d 61 6c 65 2c 20 79 | 69 65 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 | male, y|ielding |
|00004f80| 61 20 73 65 78 0d 0a 72 | 61 74 69 6f 20 6f 66 20 |a sex..r|atio of |
|00004f90| 33 3a 31 2e 20 20 49 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 74 |3:1. In| the ent|
|00004fa0| 69 72 65 20 4d 53 20 70 | 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 69 6f |ire MS p|opulatio|
|00004fb0| 6e 20 73 75 72 76 65 79 | 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |n survey|ed, the |
|00004fc0| 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 2f 20 | 6d 61 6c 65 20 72 61 74 |female/ |male rat|
|00004fd0| 69 6f 20 77 61 73 0d 0a | 32 2e 31 3a 31 2e 0d 0a |io was..|2.1:1...|
|00004fe0| 20 20 20 20 20 41 6d 6f | 6e 67 20 70 61 74 69 65 | Amo|ng patie|
|00004ff0| 6e 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 63 68 69 6c 64 68 6f |nts with| childho|
|00005000| 6f 64 20 6f 6e 73 65 74 | 2c 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 |od onset|, initia|
|00005010| 6c 20 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 | 61 6c 20 6d 61 6e 69 66 |l clinic|al manif|
|00005020| 65 73 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 77 65 72 65 0d 0a |estation|s were..|
|00005030| 70 75 72 65 20 73 65 6e | 73 6f 72 79 20 69 6e 20 |pure sen|sory in |
|00005040| 32 36 2e 34 25 2c 20 6f | 70 74 69 63 20 6e 65 75 |26.4%, o|ptic neu|
|00005050| 72 69 74 69 73 20 69 6e | 20 38 25 2c 20 62 6c 75 |ritis in| 8%, blu|
|00005060| 72 72 65 64 20 76 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 36 |rred vis|ion in 6|
|00005070| 25 2c 20 63 65 72 65 62 | 65 6c 6c 61 72 0d 0a 61 |%, cereb|ellar..a|
|00005080| 74 61 78 69 61 20 69 6e | 20 35 25 2c 20 73 65 6e |taxia in| 5%, sen|
|00005090| 73 6f 72 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6d 6f 74 6f 72 20 69 |sory and| motor i|
|000050a0| 6e 20 35 25 2c 20 6f 70 | 74 69 63 20 6e 65 75 72 |n 5%, op|tic neur|
|000050b0| 69 74 69 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 73 69 6d 75 6c 74 |itis wit|h simult|
|000050c0| 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 0d 0a | 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 6d |aneous..|involvem|
|000050d0| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 61 | 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 |ent of a|n additi|
|000050e0| 6f 6e 61 6c 20 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 75 72 65 20 6f |onal str|ucture o|
|000050f0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 43 4e | 53 20 69 6e 20 33 25 2c |f the CN|S in 3%,|
|00005100| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 76 65 | 72 73 65 20 6d 79 65 6c | transve|rse myel|
|00005110| 69 74 69 73 20 69 6e 0d | 0a 33 25 2c 20 76 69 73 |itis in.|.3%, vis|
|00005120| 74 69 62 75 6c 61 72 20 | 73 79 6e 64 72 6f 6d 65 |tibular |syndrome|
|00005130| 20 69 6e 20 31 2e 36 25 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 70 | in 1.6%|, and sp|
|00005140| 68 69 6e 63 74 65 72 20 | 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 |hincter |problems|
|00005150| 20 69 6e 20 30 2e 38 25 | 2e 20 44 65 67 72 65 65 | in 0.8%|. Degree|
|00005160| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 72 65 63 | 6f 76 65 72 79 20 66 72 | of..rec|overy fr|
|00005170| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 65 70 69 |om the f|irst epi|
|00005180| 73 6f 64 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 69 |sode was| noted i|
|00005190| 6e 20 31 30 32 20 63 61 | 73 65 73 2e 20 20 53 69 |n 102 ca|ses. Si|
|000051a0| 78 74 79 2d 65 69 67 68 | 74 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e |xty-eigh|t percen|
|000051b0| 74 20 68 61 64 0d 0a 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 |t had..c|omplete |
|000051c0| 72 65 63 6f 76 65 72 79 | 2c 20 32 34 25 20 68 61 |recovery|, 24% ha|
|000051d0| 64 20 70 61 72 74 69 61 | 6c 20 72 65 63 6f 76 65 |d partia|l recove|
|000051e0| 72 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 38 25 20 68 61 64 20 6e |ry, and |8% had n|
|000051f0| 6f 20 72 65 63 6f 76 65 | 72 79 2e 20 20 4f 66 20 |o recove|ry. Of |
|00005200| 61 6c 6c 0d 0a 70 61 74 | 69 65 6e 74 73 20 77 69 |all..pat|ients wi|
|00005210| 74 68 20 63 68 69 6c 64 | 68 6f 6f 64 20 6f 6e 73 |th child|hood ons|
|00005220| 65 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 69 |et, the |diagnosi|
|00005230| 73 20 77 61 73 20 64 65 | 66 69 6e 69 74 69 76 65 |s was de|finitive|
|00005240| 20 69 6e 20 38 30 25 3b | 20 69 6e 20 31 32 25 20 | in 80%;| in 12% |
|00005250| 69 74 0d 0a 77 61 73 20 | 70 72 6f 62 61 62 6c 65 |it..was |probable|
|00005260| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | 20 38 25 20 70 6f 73 73 |, and in| 8% poss|
|00005270| 69 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 46 | 69 66 74 79 2d 73 69 78 |ible. F|ifty-six|
|00005280| 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 | 20 68 61 64 20 61 20 72 | percent| had a r|
|00005290| 65 6c 61 70 73 69 6e 67 | 2d 72 65 6d 69 74 74 69 |elapsing|-remitti|
|000052a0| 6e 67 0d 0a 63 6f 75 72 | 73 65 2c 20 32 32 25 20 |ng..cour|se, 22% |
|000052b0| 68 61 64 20 61 6e 20 69 | 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 |had an i|nitially|
|000052c0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 65 73 | 73 69 76 65 20 63 6f 75 | progres|sive cou|
|000052d0| 72 73 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 32 32 25 20 68 61 64 |rse, and| 22% had|
|000052e0| 20 61 20 6d 69 78 65 64 | 20 63 6f 75 72 73 65 2e | a mixed| course.|
|000052f0| 0d 0a 54 68 65 20 6d 65 | 61 6e 20 64 69 73 65 61 |..The me|an disea|
|00005300| 73 65 20 64 75 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 20 |se durat|ion was |
|00005310| 31 35 20 79 65 61 72 73 | 2e 20 20 4b 75 72 74 7a |15 years|. Kurtz|
|00005320| 65 20 73 63 6f 72 65 73 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 31 |e scores| after 1|
|00005330| 30 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 | 6f 66 0d 0a 64 69 73 65 |0 years |of..dise|
|00005340| 61 73 65 2c 20 61 76 61 | 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 |ase, ava|ilable f|
|00005350| 6f 72 20 35 31 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 |or 51 pa|tients, |
|00005360| 77 65 72 65 20 6c 65 73 | 73 20 74 68 61 6e 20 33 |were les|s than 3|
|00005370| 20 69 6e 20 36 30 25 2c | 20 33 20 74 6f 20 36 2e | in 60%,| 3 to 6.|
|00005380| 35 20 69 6e 20 32 34 25 | 2c 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 61 |5 in 24%|,..and a|
|00005390| 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 | 37 20 69 6e 20 31 36 25 |t least |7 in 16%|
|000053a0| 2e 20 4f 66 20 31 31 38 | 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 |. Of 118| patient|
|000053b0| 73 2c 20 32 31 25 20 68 | 61 64 20 61 20 70 6f 73 |s, 21% h|ad a pos|
|000053c0| 69 74 69 76 65 20 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 79 20 68 69 73 |itive fa|mily his|
|000053d0| 74 6f 72 79 2e 20 20 4f | 66 0d 0a 33 32 20 70 61 |tory. O|f..32 pa|
|000053e0| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 | 31 33 20 68 61 64 20 69 |tients, |13 had i|
|000053f0| 6e 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 | 20 49 67 47 20 6c 65 76 |ncreased| IgG lev|
|00005400| 65 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 63 | 65 72 65 62 72 6f 73 70 |els in c|erebrosp|
|00005410| 69 6e 61 6c 20 66 6c 75 | 69 64 20 28 43 53 46 29 |inal flu|id (CSF)|
|00005420| 3b 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 | 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 72 |; the..r|emainder|
|00005430| 20 68 61 64 20 6e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 20 6c 65 76 65 | had nor|mal leve|
|00005440| 6c 73 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 49 6e 20 74 68 69 |ls... | In thi|
|00005450| 73 20 73 74 75 64 79 2c | 20 6f 6e 73 65 74 20 6f |s study,| onset o|
|00005460| 66 20 4d 53 20 69 6e 20 | 63 68 69 6c 64 68 6f 6f |f MS in |childhoo|
|00005470| 64 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 |d appear|ed to be|
|00005480| 20 33 20 74 69 6d 65 73 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f | 3 times| more co|
|00005490| 6d 6d 6f 6e 0d 0a 61 6d | 6f 6e 67 20 67 69 72 6c |mmon..am|ong girl|
|000054a0| 73 20 74 68 61 6e 20 62 | 6f 79 73 2e 20 20 43 68 |s than b|oys. Ch|
|000054b0| 69 6c 64 68 6f 6f 64 20 | 6f 6e 73 65 74 20 4d 53 |ildhood |onset MS|
|000054c0| 20 73 65 65 6d 73 20 74 | 6f 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | seems t|o follow|
|000054d0| 20 61 20 72 65 6c 61 70 | 73 69 6e 67 2d 72 65 6d | a relap|sing-rem|
|000054e0| 69 74 74 69 6e 67 0d 0a | 63 6f 75 72 73 65 2e 20 |itting..|course. |
|000054f0| 20 49 6e 69 74 69 61 6c | 20 62 6f 75 74 73 20 75 | Initial| bouts u|
|00005500| 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 | 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 20 61 |sually i|nvolve a|
|00005510| 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 | 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 |fferent |structur|
|00005520| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 43 4e 53 3b 20 72 |es of th|e CNS; r|
|00005530| 65 63 6f 76 65 72 79 0d | 0a 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |ecovery.|.from th|
|00005540| 65 73 65 20 62 6f 75 74 | 73 20 69 73 20 6f 66 74 |ese bout|s is oft|
|00005550| 65 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | 65 74 65 2e 20 20 54 68 |en compl|ete. Th|
|00005560| 65 20 70 61 63 65 20 6f | 66 20 63 68 69 6c 64 68 |e pace o|f childh|
|00005570| 6f 6f 64 20 6f 6e 73 65 | 74 20 4d 53 20 77 61 73 |ood onse|t MS was|
|00005580| 20 74 65 6e 64 65 64 0d | 0a 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 | tended.|.to be s|
|00005590| 6c 6f 77 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 50 6f 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d |low.....|Post-Com|
|000055a0| 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 41 6c 74 |ment....| Alt|
|000055b0| 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 79 6f 75 6e 67 65 |hough th|e younge|
|000055c0| 73 74 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 20 64 65 73 63 72 |st patie|nt descr|
|000055d0| 69 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 73 65 72 |ibed in |this ser|
|000055e0| 69 65 73 20 77 61 73 20 | 35 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 |ies was |5 years |
|000055f0| 6f 66 20 61 67 65 2c 0d | 0a 74 68 65 20 64 69 61 |of age,.|.the dia|
|00005600| 67 6e 6f 73 69 73 20 68 | 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |gnosis h|as been |
|00005610| 6d 61 64 65 20 69 6e 20 | 63 68 69 6c 64 72 65 6e |made in |children|
|00005620| 20 61 73 20 79 6f 75 6e | 67 20 61 73 20 32 20 79 | as youn|g as 2 y|
|00005630| 65 61 72 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 72 |ears, an|d most r|
|00005640| 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 2c | 0d 0a 77 61 73 20 77 65 |ecently,|..was we|
|00005650| 6c 6c 20 64 65 73 63 72 | 69 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |ll descr|ibed in |
|00005660| 61 20 67 69 72 6c 20 61 | 67 65 64 20 34 20 79 65 |a girl a|ged 4 ye|
|00005670| 61 72 73 20 28 44 69 6d | 61 75 72 6f 20 46 4a 20 |ars (Dim|auro FJ |
|00005680| 4a 72 20 65 74 20 61 6c | 3a 20 20 43 6c 69 6e 20 |Jr et al|: Clin |
|00005690| 50 65 64 69 61 74 72 0d | 0a 32 37 3a 33 32 2c 20 |Pediatr.|.27:32, |
|000056a0| 31 39 38 38 29 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 72 61 72 69 |1988). |The rari|
|000056b0| 74 79 20 6f 66 20 6d 75 | 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 73 |ty of mu|ltiple s|
|000056c0| 63 6c 65 72 6f 73 69 73 | 20 69 6e 20 63 68 69 6c |clerosis| in chil|
|000056d0| 64 68 6f 6f 64 20 61 64 | 64 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |dhood ad|ds to th|
|000056e0| 65 0d 0a 64 69 66 66 69 | 63 75 6c 74 79 20 69 6e |e..diffi|culty in|
|000056f0| 20 65 73 74 61 62 6c 69 | 73 68 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | establi|shing th|
|00005700| 65 20 64 69 61 67 6e 6f | 73 69 73 2e 20 20 4d 61 |e diagno|sis. Ma|
|00005710| 67 6e 65 74 69 63 20 72 | 65 73 6f 6e 61 6e 63 65 |gnetic r|esonance|
|00005720| 20 69 6d 61 67 69 6e 67 | 20 68 61 73 20 6e 6f 77 | imaging| has now|
|00005730| 0d 0a 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 |..become| the mos|
|00005740| 74 20 73 65 6e 73 69 74 | 69 76 65 20 6d 65 74 68 |t sensit|ive meth|
|00005750| 6f 64 20 66 6f 72 20 64 | 65 74 65 63 74 69 6e 67 |od for d|etecting|
|00005760| 20 4d 53 2e 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 70 61 72 | MS. Thi|s is par|
|00005770| 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 6c | 79 20 74 72 75 65 20 66 |ticularl|y true f|
|00005780| 6f 72 0d 0a 6c 65 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e 76 6f |or..lesi|ons invo|
|00005790| 6c 76 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 6f 73 74 65 72 |lving th|e poster|
|000057a0| 69 6f 72 20 66 6f 73 73 | 61 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 |ior foss|a, which|
|000057b0| 20 69 73 20 70 6f 6f 72 | 6c 79 20 76 69 73 75 61 | is poor|ly visua|
|000057c0| 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 |lized by| compute|
|000057d0| 64 0d 0a 74 6f 6d 6f 67 | 72 61 70 68 79 2e 20 20 |d..tomog|raphy. |
|000057e0| 54 68 69 6e 6b 20 4d 53 | 2c 20 64 65 73 70 69 74 |Think MS|, despit|
|000057f0| 65 20 69 74 73 20 72 61 | 72 69 74 79 2c 20 77 68 |e its ra|rity, wh|
|00005800| 65 6e 20 63 6f 6e 66 72 | 6f 6e 74 65 64 20 77 69 |en confr|onted wi|
|00005810| 74 68 20 61 20 63 68 69 | 6c 64 20 77 68 6f 0d 0a |th a chi|ld who..|
|00005820| 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 73 | 20 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d |develops| symptom|
|00005830| 73 20 6f 66 20 6e 65 75 | 72 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 |s of neu|rologic |
|00005840| 64 79 73 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 77 69 74 |dysfunct|ion, wit|
|00005850| 68 20 6f 72 20 77 69 74 | 68 6f 75 74 20 6f 62 6a |h or wit|hout obj|
|00005860| 65 63 74 69 76 65 0d 0a | 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d 61 |ective..|confirma|
|00005870| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 6c 61 | 73 74 69 6e 67 20 66 6f |tion, la|sting fo|
|00005880| 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 32 34 20 68 |r more t|han 24 h|
|00005890| 6f 75 72 73 2e 2d 2d 46 | 2e 41 2e 20 4f 73 6b 69 |ours.--F|.A. Oski|
|000058a0| 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 0d 0a | 24 55 6e 69 71 75 65 5f |, M.D...|$Unique_|
|000058b0| 49 44 7b 59 52 42 30 37 | 36 30 34 7d 0d 0a 24 54 |ID{YRB07|604}..$T|
|000058c0| 69 74 6c 65 7b 50 72 65 | 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 20 |itle{Pre|dnisone |
|000058d0| 54 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 69 6e 20 44 75 63 |Treatmen|t in Duc|
|000058e0| 68 65 6e 6e 65 20 4d 75 | 73 63 75 6c 61 72 20 44 |henne Mu|scular D|
|000058f0| 79 73 74 72 6f 70 68 79 | 3a 20 20 4c 6f 6e 67 2d |ystrophy|: Long-|
|00005900| 54 65 72 6d 20 42 65 6e | 65 66 69 74 7d 0d 0a 24 |Term Ben|efit}..$|
|00005910| 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d | 0a 44 65 53 69 6c 76 61 |Author{.|.DeSilva|
|00005920| 2c 20 53 0d 0a 44 72 61 | 63 68 6d 61 6e 2c 20 44 |, S..Dra|chman, D|
|00005930| 42 0d 0a 4d 65 6c 6c 69 | 74 73 2c 20 44 0d 0a 4b |B..Melli|ts, D..K|
|00005940| 75 6e 63 6c 2c 20 52 57 | 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 69 |uncl, RW|}..$Affi|
|00005950| 6c 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b | 4a 6f 68 6e 73 20 48 6f |liation{|Johns Ho|
|00005960| 70 6b 69 6e 73 20 55 6e | 69 76 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 |pkins Un|iv}..$Su|
|00005970| 62 6a 65 63 74 7b 50 72 | 65 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 |bject{Pr|ednisone|
|00005980| 20 69 6e 20 44 75 63 68 | 65 6e 6e 65 20 6d 75 73 | in Duch|enne mus|
|00005990| 63 75 6c 61 72 20 64 79 | 73 74 72 6f 70 68 79 3b |cular dy|strophy;|
|000059a0| 0d 0a 4d 75 73 63 6c 65 | 20 44 75 63 68 65 6e 6e |..Muscle| Duchenn|
|000059b0| 65 20 6d 75 73 63 75 6c | 61 72 20 64 79 73 74 72 |e muscul|ar dystr|
|000059c0| 6f 70 68 79 2c 20 70 72 | 65 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 |ophy, pr|ednisone|
|000059d0| 20 69 6e 3b 0d 0a 44 79 | 73 74 72 6f 70 68 79 20 | in;..Dy|strophy |
|000059e0| 44 75 63 68 65 6e 6e 65 | 20 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 |Duchenne| muscula|
|000059f0| 72 2c 20 70 72 65 64 6e | 69 73 6f 6e 65 20 69 6e |r, predn|isone in|
|00005a00| 3b 0d 0a 44 75 63 68 65 | 6e 6e 65 20 6d 75 73 63 |;..Duche|nne musc|
|00005a10| 75 6c 61 72 20 64 79 73 | 74 72 6f 70 68 79 2c 20 |ular dys|trophy, |
|00005a20| 70 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f | 6e 65 20 69 6e 7d 0d 0a |predniso|ne in}..|
|00005a30| 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c | 7b 41 72 63 68 20 4e 65 |$Journal|{Arch Ne|
|00005a40| 75 72 6f 6c 7d 0d 0a 24 | 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 34 |urol}..$|Volume{4|
|00005a50| 34 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 | 65 7b 38 31 38 2d 38 32 |4}..$Pag|e{818-82|
|00005a60| 32 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 | 65 7b 41 75 67 75 73 74 |2}..$Dat|e{August|
|00005a70| 20 31 39 38 37 7d 0d 0a | 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 | 1987}..|$YBVol{1|
|00005a80| 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 72 | 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 |989 Year| Book of|
|00005a90| 20 50 65 64 69 61 74 72 | 69 63 73 7d 0d 0a 24 43 | Pediatr|ics}..$C|
|00005aa0| 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b 36 | 2d 31 30 7d 0d 0a 24 59 |hapter{6|-10}..$Y|
|00005ab0| 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b | 44 72 73 2e 20 4f 73 6b |BEditor{|Drs. Osk|
|00005ac0| 69 20 61 6e 64 20 53 74 | 6f 63 6b 6d 61 6e 7d 0d |i and St|ockman}.|
|00005ad0| 0a 24 54 61 62 6c 65 7b | 54 61 62 6c 65 20 4f 6d |.$Table{|Table Om|
|00005ae0| 69 74 74 65 64 7d 0d 0a | 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 |itted}..|$Comment|
|00005af0| 61 74 6f 72 7b 46 2e 41 | 2e 20 4f 73 6b 69 2c 20 |ator{F.A|. Oski, |
|00005b00| 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d | 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 |M.D.}...|.Copyrig|
|00005b10| 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |ht (c) Y|ear Book|
|00005b20| 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c | 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 | Medical| Publish|
|00005b30| 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 | 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d |ers, Inc|., 1989.|
|00005b40| 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f |...1989 |Year Boo|
|00005b50| 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 65 64 | 69 61 74 72 69 63 73 20 |k of Ped|iatrics |
|00005b60| 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 | 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 36 |(R)....C|hapter 6|
|00005b70| 2d 2d 4e 65 75 72 6f 6c | 6f 67 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |--Neurol|ogy and |
|00005b80| 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 | 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d |Psychiat|ry....--|
|00005b90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005ba0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005bb0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005bc0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005bd0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00005be0| 50 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f | 6e 65 20 54 72 65 61 74 |Predniso|ne Treat|
|00005bf0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | 44 75 63 68 65 6e 6e 65 |ment in |Duchenne|
|00005c00| 20 4d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 44 79 73 74 72 6f | Muscula|r Dystro|
|00005c10| 70 68 79 3a 20 20 4c 6f | 6e 67 2d 54 65 72 6d 20 |phy: Lo|ng-Term |
|00005c20| 42 65 6e 65 66 69 74 0d | 0a 0d 0a 44 65 53 69 6c |Benefit.|...DeSil|
|00005c30| 76 61 20 53 2c 20 44 72 | 61 63 68 6d 61 6e 20 44 |va S, Dr|achman D|
|00005c40| 42 2c 20 4d 65 6c 6c 69 | 74 73 20 44 2c 20 4b 75 |B, Melli|ts D, Ku|
|00005c50| 6e 63 6c 20 52 57 0d 0a | 28 4a 6f 68 6e 73 20 48 |ncl RW..|(Johns H|
|00005c60| 6f 70 6b 69 6e 73 20 55 | 6e 69 76 29 0d 0a 41 72 |opkins U|niv)..Ar|
|00005c70| 63 68 20 4e 65 75 72 6f | 6c 20 34 34 3a 38 31 38 |ch Neuro|l 44:818|
|00005c80| 2d 38 32 32 2c 20 41 75 | 67 75 73 74 20 31 39 38 |-822, Au|gust 198|
|00005c90| 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |7..-----|--------|
|00005ca0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005cb0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005cc0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005cd0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005ce0| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 | 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d |---....A|bstract.|
|00005cf0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 |... |Although|
|00005d00| 20 74 68 65 20 67 65 6e | 65 74 69 63 20 62 61 73 | the gen|etic bas|
|00005d10| 69 73 20 6f 66 20 44 75 | 63 68 65 6e 6e 65 27 73 |is of Du|chenne's|
|00005d20| 20 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 64 79 73 74 72 6f | muscula|r dystro|
|00005d30| 70 68 79 20 28 44 4d 44 | 29 20 68 61 73 0d 0a 62 |phy (DMD|) has..b|
|00005d40| 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 62 65 | 74 74 65 72 20 75 6e 64 |ecome be|tter und|
|00005d50| 65 72 73 74 6f 6f 64 20 | 69 6e 20 72 65 63 65 6e |erstood |in recen|
|00005d60| 74 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c | 20 6e 6f 20 65 66 66 65 |t years,| no effe|
|00005d70| 63 74 69 76 65 20 6d 65 | 64 69 63 61 6c 20 74 72 |ctive me|dical tr|
|00005d80| 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 69 73 0d 0a 63 75 72 72 |eatment |is..curr|
|00005d90| 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 61 76 | 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 2e |ently av|ailable.|
|00005da0| 20 20 4d 75 73 63 75 6c | 61 72 20 77 65 61 6b 6e | Muscul|ar weakn|
|00005db0| 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 69 | 6e 65 76 69 74 61 62 6c |ess is i|nevitabl|
|00005dc0| 79 20 70 72 6f 67 72 65 | 73 73 69 76 65 20 69 6e |y progre|ssive in|
|00005dd0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 63 61 73 | 65 73 2e 0d 0a 49 6e 20 | all cas|es...In |
|00005de0| 31 39 37 34 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |1974, th|e result|
|00005df0| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 72 | 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 |s were r|eported |
|00005e00| 6f 66 20 61 20 70 69 6c | 6f 74 20 73 74 75 64 79 |of a pil|ot study|
|00005e10| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 68 65 72 61 70 65 75 | on the |therapeu|
|00005e20| 74 69 63 20 65 66 66 65 | 63 74 73 0d 0a 6f 66 20 |tic effe|cts..of |
|00005e30| 70 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f | 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |predniso|ne in th|
|00005e40| 65 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 44 |e treatm|ent of D|
|00005e50| 4d 44 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 72 65 70 6f |MD. In t|his repo|
|00005e60| 72 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 6f 6e 67 2d 74 65 72 |rt, the |long-ter|
|00005e70| 6d 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | 73 20 6f 66 0d 0a 70 72 |m result|s of..pr|
|00005e80| 65 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ednisone| in the |
|00005e90| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 6f 66 20 44 4d 44 |treatmen|t of DMD|
|00005ea0| 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 70 | 6f 72 74 65 64 2e 0d 0a | are rep|orted...|
|00005eb0| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 70 | The| study p|
|00005ec0| 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 |opulatio|n consis|
|00005ed0| 74 65 64 20 6f 66 20 31 | 36 20 70 72 65 64 6e 69 |ted of 1|6 predni|
|00005ee0| 73 6f 6e 65 2d 74 72 65 | 61 74 65 64 20 44 4d 44 |sone-tre|ated DMD|
|00005ef0| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 33 38 | patient|s and 38|
|00005f00| 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 44 4d 44 20 70 61 |..contro|l DMD pa|
|00005f10| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 72 65 61 74 |tients n|ot treat|
|00005f20| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 70 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f |ed with |predniso|
|00005f30| 6e 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 |ne. The| patient|
|00005f40| 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c 20 62 | 6f 79 73 2c 20 77 65 72 |s, all b|oys, wer|
|00005f50| 65 0d 0a 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 |e..follo|wed to t|
|00005f60| 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 20 61 74 20 77 68 69 63 |he point| at whic|
|00005f70| 68 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 |h they c|ould not|
|00005f80| 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 | 77 61 6c 6b 20 28 74 61 | longer |walk (ta|
|00005f90| 62 6c 65 29 2e 20 20 41 | 6c 6c 20 68 61 64 0d 0a |ble). A|ll had..|
|00005fa0| 6f 6e 73 65 74 20 6f 66 | 20 6d 75 73 63 6c 65 20 |onset of| muscle |
|00005fb0| 77 65 61 6b 6e 65 73 73 | 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 |weakness| before |
|00005fc0| 74 68 65 20 61 67 65 20 | 6f 66 20 35 20 79 65 61 |the age |of 5 yea|
|00005fd0| 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 75 62 73 65 71 75 65 6e |rs and s|ubsequen|
|00005fe0| 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 65 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |t progre|ssion of|
|00005ff0| 0d 0a 6d 75 73 63 6c 65 | 20 77 65 61 6b 6e 65 73 |..muscle| weaknes|
|00006000| 73 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 | 68 61 64 20 6d 61 72 6b |s. All |had mark|
|00006010| 65 64 6c 79 20 65 6c 65 | 76 61 74 65 64 20 73 65 |edly ele|vated se|
|00006020| 72 75 6d 20 63 72 65 61 | 74 69 6e 65 20 6b 69 6e |rum crea|tine kin|
|00006030| 61 73 65 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 73 2e 20 20 45 69 67 |ase leve|ls. Eig|
|00006040| 68 74 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 31 36 20 70 72 |ht..of t|he 16 pr|
|00006050| 65 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 | 2d 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 |ednisone|-treated|
|00006060| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e | patient|s contin|
|00006070| 75 65 64 20 74 61 6b 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d |ued taki|ng the m|
|00006080| 65 64 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 |edicatio|n until |
|00006090| 74 68 65 79 0d 0a 62 65 | 63 61 6d 65 20 77 68 65 |they..be|came whe|
|000060a0| 65 6c 63 68 61 69 72 20 | 62 6f 75 6e 64 2c 20 77 |elchair |bound, w|
|000060b0| 68 69 6c 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 38 |hile the| other 8|
|000060c0| 20 62 6f 79 73 20 73 74 | 6f 70 70 65 64 20 74 61 | boys st|opped ta|
|000060d0| 6b 69 6e 67 20 70 72 65 | 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e 65 20 |king pre|dnisone |
|000060e0| 62 75 74 0d 0a 61 66 74 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 79 20 |but..aft|er they |
|000060f0| 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 |had been| treated|
|00006100| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 74 20 | 6c 65 61 73 74 20 31 20 | for at |least 1 |
|00006110| 79 65 61 72 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 |year... | The |
|00006120| 70 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f | 6e 65 2d 74 72 65 61 74 |predniso|ne-treat|
|00006130| 65 64 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 77 65 72 65 |ed patie|nts were|
|00006140| 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f | 20 77 61 6c 6b 20 61 6e | able to| walk an|
|00006150| 64 20 73 74 61 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 |d stand |independ|
|00006160| 65 6e 74 6c 79 0d 0a 66 | 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 |ently..f|or more |
|00006170| 74 68 61 6e 20 32 20 79 | 65 61 72 73 20 6c 6f 6e |than 2 y|ears lon|
|00006180| 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 75 6e 74 |ger than| the unt|
|00006190| 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 44 | 4d 44 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 |reated D|MD contr|
|000061a0| 6f 6c 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 54 68 |ol patie|nts. Th|
|000061b0| 6f 73 65 20 77 68 6f 0d | 0a 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 |ose who.|.had bee|
|000061c0| 6e 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 |n treate|d with p|
|000061d0| 72 65 64 6e 69 73 6f 6e | 65 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 6f |rednison|e for mo|
|000061e0| 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 32 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 |re than |2 years |
|000061f0| 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 65 64 | 20 61 6d 62 75 6c 61 74 |remained| ambulat|
|00006200| 6f 72 79 20 66 6f 72 0d | 0a 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 |ory for.|.more th|
|00006210| 61 6e 20 33 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 |an 3 yea|rs longe|
|00006220| 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 |r than t|he contr|
|00006230| 6f 6c 73 2e 20 20 53 69 | 64 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 |ols. Si|de effec|
|00006240| 74 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 65 64 20 61 20 63 75 |ts inclu|ded a cu|
|00006250| 73 68 69 6e 67 6f 69 64 | 0d 0a 66 61 63 69 61 6c |shingoid|..facial|
|00006260| 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 61 | 6e 63 65 2c 20 69 6e 63 | appeara|nce, inc|
|00006270| 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 61 | 70 70 65 74 69 74 65 2c |reased a|ppetite,|
|00006280| 20 65 78 63 65 73 73 69 | 76 65 20 77 65 69 67 68 | excessi|ve weigh|
|00006290| 74 20 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 68 79 70 65 |t gain, |and hype|
|000062a0| 72 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 | 79 2e 0d 0a 4f 6e 65 20 |ractivit|y...One |
|000062b0| 62 6f 79 20 64 65 76 65 | 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 73 79 |boy deve|loped sy|
|000062c0| 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 20 6f | 66 20 67 61 73 74 72 69 |mptoms o|f gastri|
|000062d0| 74 69 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 61 6e 20 75 |tis with|out an u|
|000062e0| 6c 63 65 72 2c 20 31 20 | 62 6f 79 20 64 65 76 65 |lcer, 1 |boy deve|
|000062f0| 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 61 0d | 0a 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 |loped a.|.stress |
|00006300| 66 72 61 63 74 75 72 65 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 31 20 |fracture|, and 1 |
|00006310| 62 6f 79 20 64 65 76 65 | 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 68 79 |boy deve|loped hy|
|00006320| 70 65 72 74 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 77 6f |pertensi|on. Two|
|00006330| 20 62 6f 79 73 20 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 | boys de|veloped |
|00006340| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 0d 0a 63 | 61 74 61 72 61 63 74 73 |small..c|ataracts|
|00006350| 20 74 68 61 74 20 64 69 | 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 65 | that di|d not re|
|00006360| 71 75 69 72 65 20 73 75 | 72 67 65 72 79 2e 0d 0a |quire su|rgery...|
|00006370| 20 20 20 20 20 54 72 65 | 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 | Tre|atment w|
|00006380| 69 74 68 20 61 64 72 65 | 6e 61 6c 20 63 6f 72 74 |ith adre|nal cort|
|00006390| 69 63 6f 73 74 65 72 6f | 69 64 73 20 73 69 67 6e |icostero|ids sign|
|000063a0| 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 6c | 79 20 73 6c 6f 77 73 20 |ificantl|y slows |
|000063b0| 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 0d |the prog|ression.|
|000063c0| 0a 6f 66 20 44 4d 44 2c | 20 70 65 72 6d 69 74 74 |.of DMD,| permitt|
|000063d0| 69 6e 67 20 61 6d 62 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 75 |ing ambu|lation u|
|000063e0| 6e 74 69 6c 20 61 20 6c | 61 74 65 72 20 61 67 65 |ntil a l|ater age|
|000063f0| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 69 6e | 20 75 6e 74 72 65 61 74 | than in| untreat|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.